Panjabi M M
Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1988 Oct;13(10):1129-34. doi: 10.1097/00007632-198810000-00013.
In the field of spinal fixation devices, there is a profusion of new instrumentations. Often, the biomechanical evaluation is done in a nonstandardized manner, which makes it difficult to compare the results of one researcher with those of another, for the same device or for different devices. There is a need for a conceptual framework under which guidelines may be suggested for the evaluation of these devices in some uniform and comprehensive manner. There are three basic biomechanical tests: strength, fatigue, and stability. The strength test evaluates the failure load of the device, determines its weak points, and is helpful in the initial development of the device. The fatigue test provides a measure of longevity of the device, either alone or as part of the spinal construct, by testing the device to failure using cyclically varying loads. In contrast, the stability test measures the capability of the device to provide multi-directional stability to the injured spine. There is no failure of the device, and the results of this test are clinically important, as they characterize the potential for early fracture healing and early fusion. A conceptual framework for the evaluation of multi-direction stability of spinal fixation devices and guidelines for designing the necessary experiments are described.
在脊柱固定装置领域，有大量新的器械。通常，生物力学评估是以非标准化的方式进行的，这使得对于同一装置或不同装置，很难将一位研究人员的结果与另一位研究人员的结果进行比较。需要一个概念框架，在此框架下可以以某种统一和全面的方式提出评估这些装置的指导方针。有三种基本的生物力学测试：强度、疲劳和稳定性。强度测试评估装置的失效载荷，确定其薄弱点，并有助于装置的初步开发。疲劳测试通过使用循环变化的载荷对装置进行测试直至失效，来衡量装置单独或作为脊柱结构一部分的使用寿命。相比之下，稳定性测试测量装置为受伤脊柱提供多方向稳定性的能力。装置不会失效，并且该测试的结果具有临床重要性，因为它们表征了早期骨折愈合和早期融合的可能性。本文描述了脊柱固定装置多方向稳定性评估的概念框架以及设计必要实验的指导方针。
