Tsai Alicia L, Agustines Davin
Psychology, Claremont McKenna College, Claremont, USA.
Psychiatry, Olive View-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA.
Cureus. 2020 Jan 9;12(1):e6617. doi: 10.7759/cureus.6617.
Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is an extremely rare skin disorder which occurs in 0.005% of the world population, whereas schizophrenia is a rare mental illness which affects 1% of the world population. Researchers have spent much time searching for the causes of schizophrenia, as they are still largely unknown. It was previously hypothesized that schizophrenia could be caused by a defect in melatonin metabolism, leading to increased melanin production and the production of hallucinogenic agent. However, this implies that albinos would be protected against schizophrenia (since they have little to no melanin production), and although rare, there have been several case reports of albinos with schizophrenia, refuting this hypothesis. Following their discovery of schizophrenic albinos, several researchers have instead wondered whether schizophrenia and albinism could actually be genetically linked. To further this discussion, we present a case report of a 25-year-old African-American male with OCA2 and schizophrenia. He was hospitalized after his mother discovered the existence of a BB that was lodged in his forehead from a failed suicide attempt in response to command auditory hallucinations. The BB was removed during his hospitalization, and he was psychiatrically stabilized on a combination of risperidone, lithium, and escitalopram.
眼皮肤白化病（OCA）是一种极其罕见的皮肤病，全球发病率为0.005%，而精神分裂症是一种罕见的精神疾病，全球发病率为1%。研究人员花了大量时间寻找精神分裂症的病因，因为这些病因在很大程度上仍然未知。以前有人假设精神分裂症可能是由褪黑素代谢缺陷引起的，导致黑色素生成增加和致幻剂产生。然而，这意味着白化病患者可以免受精神分裂症的影响（因为他们几乎不产生黑色素），尽管很罕见，但已有几例白化病患者患精神分裂症的病例报告，驳斥了这一假设。在发现患有精神分裂症的白化病患者后，几位研究人员转而思考精神分裂症和白化病是否实际上存在基因联系。为了进一步探讨这个问题，我们报告一例患有OCA2和精神分裂症的25岁非裔美国男性病例。他因母亲发现他因命令性幻听而自杀未遂后额头嵌入一颗子弹而住院。住院期间取出了子弹，他通过服用利培酮、锂盐和艾司西酞普兰联合用药使精神状态稳定下来。
