Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.
Department of Economics, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.
Eur J Health Econ. 2020 Jul;21(5):669-687. doi: 10.1007/s10198-020-01162-3. Epub 2020 Feb 17.
This study's objective is to estimate the effects of corruption in the public health sector on the economic growth of Brazilian municipalities. To build three corruption measures, data from audits conducted by the office of the comptroller general (Controladoria Geral da Uniao, CGU henceforth) in 2009 and 2010 in the health and sanitation sectors were used. Two analysis steps were performed. The first verified the relationship between the performance of the audit and the economic growth rate of the municipalities, using the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS); the second analyses the effects of corruption on public health on the economic growth of the audited municipalities, using OLS and Quantile Regressions. First, in a sample of 5547 municipalities, the evidence indicates that being audited is related to slower economic growth. From this, when the sample is restricted to the 180 municipalities audited in 2009 and the corruption variables constructed from the audit reports conducted in the year, the results indicate negative effects of corruption on economic growth. The results show that in the larger quantiles of economic growth, the adverse effects of corruption are felt more significantly. Both methods tested with the three corruption variables created provide similar evidence, showing robustness of results. Therefore, the study allowed us to conclude that corruption in the public health sector hampered the economic growth of Brazilian municipalities, which is a delayed effect: Corruption in 2009 had negative effects on growth in 2011.
本研究旨在估计公共卫生部门腐败对巴西市政当局经济增长的影响。为了构建三个腐败度量指标，使用了总审计长办公室（CGU）在 2009 年和 2010 年在卫生和卫生部门进行的审计数据。进行了两个分析步骤。第一步验证了审计绩效与市政当局经济增长率之间的关系，使用普通最小二乘法（OLS）；第二步分析了腐败对公共卫生对被审计市政当局经济增长的影响，使用 OLS 和分位数回归。首先，在 5547 个市政当局的样本中，证据表明被审计与经济增长放缓有关。由此可见，当样本仅限于 2009 年接受审计的 180 个市政当局以及当年审计报告中构建的腐败变量时，结果表明腐败对经济增长存在负面影响。结果表明，在经济增长的较大分位数中，腐败的不利影响更为明显。使用创建的三个腐败变量测试的两种方法都提供了类似的证据，表明结果具有稳健性。因此，该研究使我们得出结论，公共卫生部门的腐败阻碍了巴西市政当局的经济增长，这是一种滞后效应：2009 年的腐败对 2011 年的增长产生了负面影响。
