Folayan Morenike Oluwatoyin, El Tantawi Maha, Vukovic Ana, Schroth Robert, Gaffar Balgis, Al-Batayneh Ola B, Amalia Rosa, Arheiam Arheiam, Obiyan Mary, Daryanavard Hamideh
Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
BMC Oral Health. 2020 Feb 17;20(1):54. doi: 10.1186/s12903-020-1045-5.
In view of the association between early childhood caries (ECC])and maternal social risk factors, this study tried to determine if there were associations between indicators of processes, outputs and outcomes of women's empowerment, and the prevalence of ECC.
In this ecological study, indicators measuring the explanatory variables - economic empowerment, decision-making and violence against women - were selected from the Integrated Results and Resources Framework of the UN-Women Strategic Plan 2018-2021 and WHO database. Indicators measuring the outcome variables - the prevalence of ECC for children aged 0 to 2 years, and 3 to 5 years - were extracted from a published literature. The general linear models used to determine the association between the outcome and explanatory variables were adjusted for economic level of countries. Regression estimates (B), 95% confidence intervals and partial eta squared (η) were calculated.
Countries with more females living under 50% of median income had higher prevalence of ECC for 3 to 5-year olds (B = 1.82, 95% CI = 0.12, 3.52). Countries with higher percentage of women participating in their own health care decisions had higher prevalence of ECC for 0 to 2-year-olds (B = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.03, 1.67). Countries with higher percentage of women participating in decisions related to visiting family, relatives and friends had higher prevalence of ECC for 3 to 5-year-olds (B = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.03, 1.32). None of the indicators for violence against women was significantly associated with the prevalence of ECC.
Empowerment of women is a welcome social development that may have some negative impact on children's oral health. Changes in policies and norms are needed to protect children's oral health while empowering women.
鉴于幼儿龋齿（ECC）与母亲的社会风险因素之间的关联，本研究试图确定妇女赋权的过程、产出和结果指标与ECC患病率之间是否存在关联。
在这项生态学研究中，衡量解释变量的指标——经济赋权、决策制定和针对妇女的暴力行为——选自联合国妇女署《2018 - 2021年战略计划综合成果与资源框架》以及世界卫生组织数据库。衡量结果变量的指标——0至2岁和3至5岁儿童的ECC患病率——从已发表的文献中提取。用于确定结果与解释变量之间关联的一般线性模型根据国家的经济水平进行了调整。计算了回归估计值（B）、95%置信区间和偏 eta 平方（η）。
生活在收入中位数50%以下的女性较多的国家，3至5岁儿童的ECC患病率较高（B = 1.82，95%置信区间 = 0.12，3.52）。女性参与自身医疗保健决策比例较高的国家，0至2岁儿童的ECC患病率较高（B = 0.85，95%置信区间 = 0.03，1.67）。女性参与与走亲访友相关决策比例较高的国家，3至5岁儿童的ECC患病率较高（B = 0.67，95%置信区间 = 0.03，1.32）。针对妇女暴力行为的指标均与ECC患病率无显著关联。
妇女赋权是一项值得欢迎的社会发展，但可能对儿童口腔健康产生一些负面影响。在赋予妇女权力的同时，需要改变政策和规范以保护儿童的口腔健康。
