Institute of Experimental Diabetes Research, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
Nutr Diabetes. 2020 Jan 27;10(1):5. doi: 10.1038/s41387-020-0108-7.
An inappropriate diet, particularly excessive consumption of dietary fats and oils, may have a major negative impact on beta-cell function and cause type 2 diabetes mellitus. To investigate this issue, we examined the toxicity of free fatty acid (FFA) compositions mirroring the FFA profiles of various popular edible oils in human EndoC-βH1 beta-cells and in rat islets. For this purpose, we made compositions consisting exclusively of various FFAs in different volumetric percentages mimicking these oils and additionally mixtures of these compositions. Human EndoC-βH1 beta-cells were incubated with different oil compositions and the toxicity, lipid droplet formation, ER-stress, and HO production were analyzed. Compositions with prominent content of saturated as well as unsaturated long-chain FFAs showed moderate but significant toxicity both in human EndoC-βH1 beta-cells and rat islets, however, without further measurable metabolic impairments. On the other hand compositions with high content of medium-chain FFAs revealed no toxicity. A composition with 50% of the very long-chain unsaturated FFA erucic acid caused high toxicity with concomitant peroxisomal HO production. The toxicity of FFAs to human EndoC-βH1 beta-cells was dampened in mixtures of FFA compositions with a significant content of medium-chain FFAs, but not with a significant proportion of unsaturated FFAs.
不适当的饮食，特别是过量摄入膳食脂肪和油，可能对β细胞功能产生重大负面影响，并导致 2 型糖尿病。为了研究这个问题，我们研究了模拟各种常见食用油的游离脂肪酸 (FFA) 组成在人 EndoC-βH1 β细胞和大鼠胰岛中的毒性。为此，我们用不同体积百分比的各种 FFA 制成了仅由这些油组成的混合物，并额外混合了这些混合物。用人 EndoC-βH1 β细胞孵育不同的油组合物，并分析其毒性、脂滴形成、内质网应激和 HO 产生。具有显著饱和和不饱和长链 FFA 含量的组合物在人 EndoC-βH1 β细胞和大鼠胰岛中均显示出中等但显著的毒性，但没有进一步可测量的代谢损伤。另一方面，具有高含量中链 FFA 的组合物没有毒性。含有 50%的超长链不饱和脂肪酸芥酸的组合物具有很高的毒性，同时伴有过氧化物酶体 HO 的产生。含有大量中链 FFA 的 FFA 混合物可减轻 FFA 对人 EndoC-βH1 β细胞的毒性，但对含有大量不饱和 FFA 的混合物则没有影响。
