Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Sezeged, Hungary.
Doctoral School in Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
Curr Pharm Des. 2020;26(13):1486-1494. doi: 10.2174/1381612826666200218101818.
Serum lipid levels are closely related to the structure and function of blood vessels. Chronic hyperlipidemia may lead to damage in both the cardio- and the cerebrovascular systems. Vascular dysfunctions, including impairments of the blood-brain barrier, are known to be associated with neurodegenerative diseases. A growing number of evidence suggests that cardiovascular risk factors, such as hyperlipidemia, may increase the likelihood of developing dementia. Due to differences in lipoprotein metabolism, wild-type mice are protected against dietinduced hypercholesterolemia, and their serum lipid profile is different from that observed in humans. Therefore, several transgenic mouse models have been established to study the role of different apolipoproteins and their receptors in lipid metabolism, as well as the complications related to pathological lipoprotein levels. This minireview focused on a transgenic mouse model overexpressing an apolipoprotein, the human ApoB-100. We discussed literature data and current advancements on the understanding of ApoB-100 induced cardio- and cerebrovascular lesions in order to demonstrate the involvement of this type of apolipoprotein in a wide range of pathologies, and a link between hyperlipidemia and neurodegeneration.
血清脂质水平与血管的结构和功能密切相关。慢性高脂血症可能导致心血管和脑血管系统受损。已知血管功能障碍，包括血脑屏障损伤，与神经退行性疾病有关。越来越多的证据表明，心血管危险因素，如高脂血症，可能会增加痴呆的发病几率。由于脂蛋白代谢的差异，野生型小鼠对饮食诱导的高胆固醇血症有保护作用，其血清脂质谱与人类观察到的不同。因此，已经建立了几种转基因小鼠模型来研究不同载脂蛋白及其受体在脂质代谢中的作用，以及与病理性脂蛋白水平相关的并发症。本篇综述重点介绍了一种过表达载脂蛋白的转基因小鼠模型，即人载脂蛋白 B-100。我们讨论了文献数据和目前对理解载脂蛋白 B-100 诱导的心血管和脑血管病变的最新进展，以证明这种载脂蛋白在广泛的病理中起作用，以及高脂血症与神经退行性变之间的联系。
