School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, Tees Valley, TS1 3BA, UK; National Horizons Centre of Excellence for Bioscience Industry, Teesside University, Darlington DL1 1HG, UK; Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32653, USA.
Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32653, USA.
J Invertebr Pathol. 2020 Mar;171:107345. doi: 10.1016/j.jip.2020.107345. Epub 2020 Feb 14.
Crayfish are a vital ecological asset in their native range but can be highly damaging as invasive species. Knowledge of their diseases, including high levels of research on Aphanomyces astaci (crayfish plague), show that disease plays a vital role during crayfish invasions. Microsporidian diseases in crayfish are less studied but are thought to have important links to crayfish health and invasion dynamics. In this study we provide a systematic description of a novel microsporidian parasite from the Floridian crayfish, Procambarus paeninsulanus, with additional genetic identification from related Microsporidia from Procambarus fallax, Cambarellus shufeldtii and Cambarellus blacki. This novel microsporidium from P. paeninsulanus is described in a new genus, Cambaraspora, and species, Cambaraspora floridanus, and represents a novel member of the Clade V Microsporidia within the Glugeidae. The parasite develops in the muscle tissue of P. paeninsulanus, within a sporophorous vesicle, and produces a spore with 19-21 turns of the polar filament measuring 6.136 ± 0.84 µm in length and 2.12 ± 0.23 µm in width. The muscle-infecting nature of the parasite suggests that it is horizontally transmitted. Genetic data for the 18S of the parasite from all hosts confirms its assignment to Clade V and reveal it to be a relative of multiple fish-infecting parasites. It shows closest genetic relationship to Glugea plecoglossi, but branches alongside multiple microsporidia from fish, crustaceans and eDNA isolates. The information presented here suggests that this novel parasite may have the potential to infect piscine hosts and is a likely mortality driver in the P. paeninsulanus population. Its potential as a control agent or wildlife disease invasion threat is explored, as well as the placement of this novel microsporidium within the Glugeidae.
淡水小龙虾是其原生范围内至关重要的生态资产，但作为入侵物种，它们的破坏力也非常大。对其疾病的了解，包括对 Aphanomyces astaci（小龙虾瘟疫）的大量研究，表明疾病在小龙虾入侵过程中起着至关重要的作用。对小龙虾微孢子虫病的研究较少，但人们认为它与小龙虾的健康和入侵动态有重要联系。在本研究中，我们从佛罗里达州淡水小龙虾 Procambarus paeninsulanus 中提供了一种新型微孢子虫寄生虫的系统描述，并从相关的 Procambarus fallax、Cambarellus shufeldtii 和 Cambarellus blacki 的微孢子虫中提供了额外的遗传鉴定。这种来自 P. paeninsulanus 的新型微孢子虫被描述为一个新属 Cambaraspora 和一个新种 Cambaraspora floridanus，代表了 Glugeidae 中的 Clade V 微孢子虫的一个新成员。寄生虫在 P. paeninsulanus 的肌肉组织中发育，在孢子囊内，产生一个极丝有 19-21 圈的孢子，长度为 6.136±0.84µm，宽度为 2.12±0.23µm。寄生虫对肌肉的感染性质表明它是水平传播的。来自所有宿主的寄生虫 18S 的遗传数据证实了它被分配到 Clade V，并表明它是多种鱼类寄生虫的近亲。它与 Glugea plecoglossi 的遗传关系最密切，但与鱼类、甲壳类动物和 eDNA 分离物的多种微孢子虫一起分支。这里提供的信息表明，这种新型寄生虫可能有感染鱼类宿主的潜力，并且是 P. paeninsulanus 种群的一个潜在致死因素。探讨了它作为控制剂或野生动物疾病入侵威胁的潜力，以及这种新型微孢子虫在 Glugeidae 中的位置。
