James J, Mrugała A, Oidtmann B, Petrusek A, Cable J
School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, United Kingdom.
Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Viničná 7, CZ-12844 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
J Invertebr Pathol. 2017 May;145:68-71. doi: 10.1016/j.jip.2017.02.003. Epub 2017 Feb 17.
The crayfish plague pathogen (Aphanomyces astaci) causes mass mortalities of European crayfish when transmitted from its original North American crayfish hosts. Little is known, however, about interspecific transmission of the pathogen between different American crayfish species, although evidence from trade of ornamental crayfish suggests this may happen in captivity. We screened signal and virile crayfish for A. astaci at allopatric and sympatric sites in a UK river. Whilst the pathogen was detected in signal crayfish from both sites, infected virile crayfish were only found in sympatry. Genotyping of A. astaci from virile crayfish suggested the presence of a strain related to one infecting British signal crayfish. We conclude that virile crayfish likely contracted A. astaci interspecifically from infected signal crayfish. Interspecific transmission of A. astaci strains differing in virulence between American carrier species may influence the spread of this pathogen in open waters with potential exacerbated effects on native European crayfish.
小龙虾瘟疫病原体（螯虾疫霉）从其原产北美小龙虾宿主传播至欧洲小龙虾时，会导致欧洲小龙虾大量死亡。然而，对于该病原体在不同美洲小龙虾物种间的种间传播情况，人们知之甚少，尽管观赏小龙虾贸易的证据表明这种传播可能在圈养环境中发生。我们在英国一条河流的异域和同域地点对信号小龙虾和强壮小龙虾进行了螯虾疫霉筛查。虽然在两个地点的信号小龙虾中都检测到了该病原体，但仅在同域环境中发现了受感染的强壮小龙虾。对来自强壮小龙虾的螯虾疫霉进行基因分型表明，存在一种与感染英国信号小龙虾的菌株相关的菌株。我们得出结论，强壮小龙虾很可能是从受感染的信号小龙虾种间感染了螯虾疫霉。美洲携带物种之间毒力不同的螯虾疫霉菌株的种间传播，可能会影响这种病原体在开放水域的传播，并可能对欧洲本土小龙虾产生加剧影响。
