Division of Computer Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Department of Computer Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
PLoS One. 2020 Feb 18;15(2):e0228086. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228086. eCollection 2020.
The orchestration of applications and their components over heterogeneous clouds is recognized as being critical in solving the problem of vendor lock-in with regards to distributed and cloud computing. There have been recent strides made in the area of cloud application orchestration with emergence of the TOSCA standard being a definitive one. Although orchestration by itself provides a considerable amount of benefit to consumers of cloud computing services, it remains impractical without a compelling reason to ensure its utilization by cloud computing consumers. If there is no measurable benefit in using orchestration, then it is likely that clients may opt out of using it altogether. In this paper, we present an approach to cloud orchestration that aims to combine an orchestration model with a cost and policy model in order to allow for cost-aware application orchestration across heterogeneous clouds. Our approach takes into consideration the operating cost of the application on each provider, while performing a forward projection of the operating cost over a period of time to ensure that cost constraints remain unviolated. This allows us to leverage the existing state of the art with regards to orchestration and model-driven approaches as well as tie it to the operations of cloud clients in order to improve utility. Through this study, we were able to show that our approach was capable of providing not only scaling features but also orchestration features of application components distributed across heterogeneous cloud platforms.
在异构云环境中对应用程序及其组件进行协调被认为是解决分布式和云计算中供应商锁定问题的关键。在云应用程序协调领域，最近取得了一些进展，TOSCA 标准的出现就是一个明确的例证。尽管协调本身为云计算服务的消费者提供了相当大的好处，但如果没有令人信服的理由来确保云计算消费者利用它，那么它仍然不切实际。如果使用协调没有可衡量的好处，那么客户端可能会选择完全不使用它。在本文中，我们提出了一种云协调方法，旨在将协调模型与成本和策略模型结合起来，以便在异构云中实现成本感知的应用程序协调。我们的方法考虑了每个提供商上应用程序的运行成本，同时对一段时间内的运行成本进行前瞻性预测，以确保成本约束不被违反。这使我们能够利用现有的协调和模型驱动方法的最新进展，并将其与云客户的运营联系起来，以提高实用性。通过这项研究，我们能够表明，我们的方法不仅能够提供扩展功能，还能够协调分布在异构云平台上的应用程序组件。
