O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.
Alaska Community Action on Toxics, Anchorage, AK, 99518, USA.
Environ Pollut. 2020 Apr;259:113872. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113872. Epub 2019 Dec 26.
The Arctic is subject to long-range atmospheric deposition of globally-distilled semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) that bioaccumulate and biomagnify in lipid-rich food webs. In addition, locally contaminated sites may also contribute SVOCs to the arctic environment. Specifically, Alaska has hundreds of formerly used defense (FUD) sites, many of which are co-located with Alaska Native villages in remote parts of the state. The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent of SVOC contamination on Alaska's St. Lawrence Island through the analysis of sentinel fish, the ninespine stickleback (Pungitius pungitius), collected from Troutman Lake located within the watershed of an FUD site and adjacent to the Yupik community of Gambell. We measured the concentrations of legacy and emerging SVOCs in 303 fish samples (81 composites), including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), organophosphate esters (OPEs) and their diester metabolites, and per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). PBDEs and PCBs were the most abundant SVOC groups found in stickleback with ΣPBDE and ΣPCB median concentrations of 25.8 and 10.9 ng/g ww, respectively, followed by PFAS (median ΣPFAS 7.22 ng/g ww). ΣOPE and ΣOPE metabolite concentrations were lower with median concentrations of 4.97 and 1.18 ng/g ww, respectively. Chemical patterns and distributions based on correlations and comparison with SVOC concentrations in stickleback from other parts of the island suggest strong local sources of PCBs, PBDEs, and PFAS on St. Lawrence Island.
北极地区受到全球分布的半挥发性有机化合物（SVOCs）的远距离大气沉积的影响，这些化合物在富含脂质的食物网中生物积累和生物放大。此外，当地受污染的地点也可能向北极环境中贡献 SVOCs。具体来说，阿拉斯加有数百个以前使用的防御（FUD）地点，其中许多位于该州偏远地区的阿拉斯加原住民村庄附近。本研究的目的是通过分析在 FUD 地点流域内的特伦特湖采集的哨兵鱼，九刺棘鱼（Pungitius pungitius），来调查阿拉斯加圣劳伦斯岛的 SVOC 污染程度，并与 Gambell 的Yupik 社区相邻。我们测量了 303 个鱼类样本（81 个复合材料）中遗留和新兴 SVOC 的浓度，包括多氯联苯（PCBs）、多溴二苯醚（PBDEs）、有机磷酸酯（OPEs）及其二酯代谢物，以及全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）。在棘鱼中发现的最丰富的 SVOC 组是 PBDEs 和 PCBs，ΣPBDE 和 ΣPCB 的中位数浓度分别为 25.8 和 10.9ng/g ww，其次是 PFAS（ΣPFAS 的中位数为 7.22ng/g ww）。ΣOPE 和 ΣOPE 代谢物的浓度较低，中位数浓度分别为 4.97 和 1.18ng/g ww。基于相关性的化学模式和分布以及与该岛其他地区棘鱼中 SVOC 浓度的比较表明，圣劳伦斯岛上存在强烈的 PCB、PBDE 和 PFAS 本地来源。
