Departamento de Fisiología Humana, Histología, Anatomía Patológica y Educación Física y Deportiva, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain.
Departamento de Didáctica de la Educación Física y Salud, Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Feb 13;17(4):1204. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17041204.
According to the Challenge Hypothesis, high levels of testosterone (T) are associated with status-seeking behaviors, especially in competitive situations. However, there have not been many studies about rivals' social status and pre-competition neuroendocrine responses. The aim of this study was to analyze whether the participants in a chess tournament showed different pre-match testosterone and cortisol levels depending on differences in ELO (i.e., the International Chess Federation rating to rank the competitive potential and social status between players). The sample was six male participants (mean ± SD) aged 25.5 ± 8.4 years with experience in official tournaments of 16.33 ± 5.72 years and an average ELO rating of 2217.67 ± 112.67. Saliva samples were collected before each round for hormonal determination when participants competed against a rival with a different ELO rating. After five competition rounds per participant, higher rival pre-competition T concentrations were shown when playing against the best-rated participant, but there were no differences in cortisol (C). The multilevel model confirmed rises in rivals' precompetitive T levels modulated by the difference in the opponent´s ELO rating. No significant changes were observed in C. The results suggest that the rival´s status can determine the opponent´s anticipatory neuroendocrine responses to an official chess tournament.
根据挑战假说，高水平的睾酮（T）与寻求地位的行为有关，尤其是在竞争环境中。然而，关于竞争对手的社会地位和赛前神经内分泌反应的研究并不多。本研究旨在分析在国际象棋锦标赛中，参与者的赛前 T 和皮质醇水平是否因 ELO（即国际象棋联合会的评级，用于排名参与者的竞争潜力和社会地位）的差异而有所不同。样本由六名男性参与者组成（平均 ± 标准差），年龄为 25.5 ± 8.4 岁，具有 16.33 ± 5.72 年的官方比赛经验，平均 ELO 评分为 2217.67 ± 112.67。当参与者与 ELO 评分不同的对手竞争时，在每轮比赛前收集唾液样本以进行激素测定。在每个参与者进行五轮比赛后，当与评分最高的参与者比赛时，较高的对手赛前 T 浓度显示出升高，但皮质醇（C）没有差异。多层次模型证实了对手 ELO 评分差异调节的赛前 T 水平的升高。C 没有明显变化。结果表明，对手的地位可以决定对手对正式国际象棋锦标赛的预期神经内分泌反应。
