Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, East Azarbaijan, Iran.
Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Life Sci. 2020 Apr 15;247:117437. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117437. Epub 2020 Feb 16.
Although both the incidence and the mortality rate of breast cancer is rising, there is no potent and practical option for the treatment of these patients, particularly in advanced stages. One of the most critical challenges for treatment is the presence of complicated and extensive tumor escape mechanisms in the tumor microenvironment. Immune checkpoint molecules are of the main immunosuppressive mechanisms used by cancerous cells to block anti-cancer immune responses. Among these molecules, PD-1 (Programmed cell death) and PD-L1 (programmed cell death-ligand 1) have been considered as worthy therapeutic targets for breast cancer therapy. In this review, we intend to discuss the immunobiology and signaling of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis and highlight its importance as a worthy therapeutic target in breast cancer. We believe that the prognostic value of PD-L1 depends on the breast cancer subtype. Moreover, the combination of PD-1/PD-L1 targeting with immune-stimulating vaccines can be considered as an effective therapeutic strategy in breast cancer.
尽管乳腺癌的发病率和死亡率都在上升，但对于这些患者，特别是晚期患者，还没有有效的治疗方法。治疗的最关键挑战之一是肿瘤微环境中存在复杂和广泛的肿瘤逃逸机制。免疫检查点分子是癌细胞用来阻断抗癌免疫反应的主要免疫抑制机制之一。在这些分子中，PD-1（程序性细胞死亡）和 PD-L1（程序性细胞死亡配体 1）已被认为是乳腺癌治疗的有价值的治疗靶点。在这篇综述中，我们旨在讨论 PD-1/PD-L1 轴的免疫生物学和信号转导，并强调其作为乳腺癌有价值的治疗靶点的重要性。我们认为 PD-L1 的预后价值取决于乳腺癌亚型。此外，将 PD-1/PD-L1 靶向与免疫刺激疫苗相结合可以被认为是乳腺癌的一种有效的治疗策略。
