Khodamoradi Ehsan, Hoseini-Ghahfarokhi Mojtaba, Amini Peyman, Motevaseli Elahe, Shabeeb Dheyauldeen, Musa Ahmed Eleojo, Najafi Masoud, Farhood Bagher
Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Department of Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Cell Mol Life Sci. 2020 Aug;77(16):3129-3159. doi: 10.1007/s00018-020-03479-x. Epub 2020 Feb 18.
Protection of normal tissues against toxic effects of ionizing radiation is a critical issue in clinical and environmental radiobiology. Investigations in recent decades have suggested potential targets that are involved in the protection against radiation-induced damages to normal tissues and can be proposed for mitigation of radiation injury. Emerging evidences have been shown to be in contrast to an old dogma in radiation biology; a major amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cell toxicity occur during some hours to years after exposure to ionizing radiation. This can be attributed to upregulation of inflammatory and fibrosis mediators, epigenetic changes and disruption of the normal metabolism of oxygen. In the current review, we explain the cellular and molecular changes following exposure of normal tissues to ionizing radiation. Furthermore, we review potential targets that can be proposed for protection and mitigation of radiation toxicity.
保护正常组织免受电离辐射的毒性影响是临床和环境放射生物学中的一个关键问题。近几十年来的研究表明了一些潜在靶点，这些靶点参与保护正常组织免受辐射诱导的损伤，并可用于减轻辐射损伤。新出现的证据与放射生物学中的一个旧观念形成了对比；在暴露于电离辐射后的数小时至数年期间，会产生大量活性氧（ROS）并出现细胞毒性。这可归因于炎症和纤维化介质的上调、表观遗传变化以及正常氧代谢的破坏。在本综述中，我们解释了正常组织暴露于电离辐射后的细胞和分子变化。此外，我们还综述了可用于保护和减轻辐射毒性的潜在靶点。
