Exopolysaccharides and Biofilms.

During infection, many fungal pathogens form biofilms within tissues or on biomedical devices. The growth of fungi within biofilms increases dramatically their resistance to both immune defences and antifungal therapies. In the last twenty years, studies have begun to shed light on many of the steps involved in biofilm synthesis and composition, revealing new antifungal strategies. This chapter will focus on the biofilm exopolysaccharides produced by A. fumigatus and C. albicans, the two main causes of human fungal infections. We will review the current state of our understanding of the structure, biosynthesis, and role of exopolysaccharides in biofilm development and function with a view to identifying future strategies for prophylaxis and treatment of these devastating infections.