Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2021;1341:107-124. doi: 10.1007/5584_2020_491.
Autism spectrum disorders as a group of pediatric neurodevelopmental diseases is a crucial part of the worldwide disabilities which have influence in communication skills, social interactions, and ability to understand the concepts. The precise pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorders due to the abundance of involved mechanisms is unknown. Some of these involved mechanisms are related to genetic factors, chronic neuro inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, immune dysregulation, hormonal imbalance, and environmental factors. Current main treatments for autisms are behavioral, nutritional and medical therapies, however there is not definitive treatment approach. Therein, more novel therapies are still required to improve the symptoms. Several preclinical and clinical evidence were shown that stem cell therapy is a potential treatment option for autism spectrum disorders individuals. Considering the significant factors which can affect the outcome of stem cell therapeutic effects including stem cell types, route and dosage of administration, and mechanism of activity along with selecting best animal models can be very important in performing clinical trials.
自闭症谱系障碍作为一组儿科神经发育疾病，是全球残疾的重要组成部分，影响到沟通技巧、社交互动和理解概念的能力。由于涉及的机制繁多，自闭症谱系障碍的确切病理生理学尚不清楚。这些涉及的机制中有些与遗传因素、慢性神经炎症、线粒体功能障碍、氧化应激、免疫失调、激素失衡和环境因素有关。目前自闭症的主要治疗方法是行为、营养和医学治疗，但还没有确定的治疗方法。因此，需要更多新的治疗方法来改善症状。一些临床前和临床证据表明，干细胞疗法是自闭症谱系障碍患者的一种潜在治疗选择。考虑到可能影响干细胞治疗效果的重要因素，包括干细胞类型、给药途径和剂量以及作用机制，以及选择最佳动物模型，在进行临床试验时非常重要。
