Lei Jianlin, Cao Hong, Yang Lixia, Li Qian, Wang Yingqiang
College of Agriculture and Forestry, Longdong University, Qingyang 745000, Gansu, China.
Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao. 2020 Jan 25;36(1):13-24. doi: 10.13345/j.cjb.190144.
African swine fever (ASF) is a devastating disease of pigs caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV), which is considered to be the No. 1 killer to the global pig industry. Highly virulent strains are usually responsible for the peracute and acute forms that provoke high mortality rates that may reach 100%. Since ASF was first introduced in August 2018 into China, 137 outbreaks in domestic and wild pigs had been reported from 32 provinces by June 06, 2019, causing severe socioeconomic consequences. Efforts to develop an ASFV vaccine began in the 1960s, but all failed, the major reason is the lack of in-depth research on the biological characteristics of ASFV. It will be a great challenge for China to control the spread of current ASF, develop safe and effective vaccines. In this review, we outline the biological characteristics of ASFV, including its morphology and basic structure, transmission routes, pathogenicity, genome and proteins, entry mechanism, immune escape, and analyzed the difficulties in vaccine development. We hope to provide basic information for the control of current ASF and understanding of etiology in China.
非洲猪瘟（ASF）是由非洲猪瘟病毒（ASFV）引起的一种毁灭性猪病，该病毒被认为是全球养猪业的头号杀手。高致病性毒株通常导致超急性和急性形式的疾病，引发高死亡率，死亡率可能达到100%。自2018年8月非洲猪瘟首次传入中国以来，截至2019年6月6日，已在32个省份报告了137起家猪和野猪疫情，造成了严重的社会经济后果。开发ASFV疫苗的工作始于20世纪60年代，但均以失败告终，主要原因是对ASFV生物学特性缺乏深入研究。对中国来说，控制当前非洲猪瘟的传播、开发安全有效的疫苗将是一项巨大挑战。在这篇综述中，我们概述了ASFV的生物学特性，包括其形态和基本结构、传播途径、致病性、基因组和蛋白质、进入机制、免疫逃逸，并分析了疫苗开发中的困难。我们希望为中国当前非洲猪瘟的防控和病因学理解提供基础信息。
