Department of Human Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
Department of Anthropology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland.
J Biosoc Sci. 2021 Jan;53(1):98-107. doi: 10.1017/S0021932020000061. Epub 2020 Feb 20.
The aim of this study was to determine whether the living conditions of school children affects their body structure and muscular strength. Data were taken from 400 girls and 341 boys aged 7-15 years attending nine primary schools in Warsaw in 1997. A questionnaire was completed, anthropological measurements made and two muscular strength tests conducted. The questionnaire asked questions on the children's level of education, their parents' professions and monthly incomes, the number of persons in the family and the number of rooms in the family's apartment/home. Body height, body weight, chest and arm circumferences, grip strength and vertical jump height were measured and used to calculate body mass index, Marty's Index and the Sargent Vertical Jump Index. Statistical tests included Student's t-test, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and multiple regression analysis. Body height, chest circumference, Sargent Vertical Jump Index and grip strength were significantly greater in the boys than the girls. Two factors, namely 'socioeconomic status' (F1) and 'family size' (F2), describing living conditions, were isolated after PCA. Boys from bigger families (F2) were shorter, with lower weights and BMIs, smaller chest and arm circumferences and greater grip strengths than those from smaller families, whereas girls from families of lower socioeconomic status (F1) weighed less and had greater BMIs and arm circumferences than those from higher socioeconomic status families. The results suggest that boys seem to be more 'ecosensitive' than girls.
本研究旨在确定学童的生活条件是否会影响他们的身体结构和肌肉力量。数据取自 1997 年华沙九所小学的 400 名女生和 341 名 7-15 岁男生。问卷调查了儿童的教育水平、父母的职业和月收入、家庭人口数和家庭住房的房间数。测量了身高、体重、胸围和臂围、握力和垂直跳跃高度，并计算了体重指数、马蒂指数和萨金特垂直跳跃指数。统计测试包括学生 t 检验、主成分分析（PCA）和多元回归分析。男生的身高、胸围、萨金特垂直跳跃指数和握力均显著大于女生。经过 PCA 后，分离出了两个描述生活条件的因子，即“社会经济地位”（F1）和“家庭规模”（F2）。大家庭（F2）的男孩比小家庭的男孩更矮，体重和 BMI 更低，胸围和臂围更小，握力更大，而社会经济地位较低家庭（F1）的女孩体重较轻，BMI 和臂围较大，而来自社会经济地位较高家庭的女孩。结果表明，男孩似乎比女孩更“生态敏感”。
