Department of Risk Analysis for Products in Development (RAPID), TNO, TA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (DEFRA), Food and Environmental Research Agency (FERA), Sand Hutton, York, UK.
Ann Work Expo Health. 2020 Mar 10;64(3):311-330. doi: 10.1093/annweh/wxaa002.
The suitability, availability, and use of protective clothing are critical factors determining the actual dermal exposure (ADE) of operators and workers to pesticides. A realistic assessment of occupational exposure to pesticides requires information about the performance of protective clothing during everyday use. In this study, the performance of clothing or gloves has been investigated based on available dermal exposure data in order to provide recommendations for default protection factors that can be used in regulatory exposure assessments. Suitable dermal exposure data from available exposure databases were collated and analysed. The data that met the selection criteria for the analysis of the performance of protective clothing comprised studies in which protective clothing like cotton coveralls, cotton clothing, polyester-cotton coveralls, Sontara coveralls, Tyvek coveralls, butyl/neoprene gloves, latex/PE/vinyl/PVC gloves, or nitrile gloves were worn. Based on available potential and ADE levels, the migration of pesticides through this protective clothing was estimated. Evaluation of exposure data showed that on average only 2.3-2.6% of the pesticides present on the outside of the clothing or gloves migrated through the garments, although there was a large variation with migration up to 99%. Forearms, legs, and chest areas of the clothing tended to have the greatest migration of pesticides. Caution is needed in the selection of the appropriate protection offered protective clothing for specific situations. This study gives valuable information on the performance of protective clothing, for use in exposure assessment and for default setting in exposure modelling, taking into account the type of clothing or gloves worn. As new data become available, it may be possible to further refine the protection factors offered by different types of clothing or gloves, particularly where a common protocol has been used.
防护服的适用性、可得性和使用情况是决定操作人员和工人实际经皮接触（ADE）农药的关键因素。要对职业性农药接触进行实际评估，需要了解防护服在日常使用中的性能。在这项研究中，根据现有的经皮暴露数据来研究服装或手套的性能，以便为监管性暴露评估中可使用的默认保护系数提供建议。收集和分析了现有的暴露数据库中可用的经皮暴露数据。符合防护服性能分析选择标准的数据包括穿着棉连衣裤、棉制衣物、涤棉连衣裤、Sontara 连衣裤、Tyvek 连衣裤、丁基/氯丁橡胶手套、乳胶/PE/乙烯/PVC 手套或丁腈手套的研究。基于现有的潜在 ADE 水平，估计了农药通过这种防护服的迁移情况。暴露数据的评估表明，平均只有 2.3-2.6%的农药从服装或手套的外部迁移到内部，尽管存在高达 99%的迁移变化。服装的前臂、腿部和胸部区域往往有最大的农药迁移。在选择适合特定情况的防护服时，需要谨慎。本研究为暴露评估和暴露建模中的默认设置提供了防护服性能的有价值信息，同时考虑了所穿服装或手套的类型。随着新数据的出现，可能有必要进一步细化不同类型的服装或手套提供的保护系数，特别是在使用共同方案的情况下。
