Department of Psychology, The Gordon F. Derner School of Psychology, Adelphi University, Garden City, New York, USA,
Department of Psychology, The Gordon F. Derner School of Psychology, Adelphi University, Garden City, New York, USA.
Gerontology. 2020;66(2):138-148. doi: 10.1159/000502340. Epub 2019 Sep 10.
It is projected that by 2020 there will be 8.7 million veterans over the age of 65 years, more than half (64%) of whom served during the Vietnam War. The effects of military service on mental health and well-being may be more pronounced later in life among those who served in Vietnam than prior cohorts of veterans. Many veterans confront and rework their wartime memories later in life in an attempt to find meaning and coherence, engaging in a process referred to as Later-Adulthood Trauma Reengagement (LATR). LATR often occurs in the context of other stressors that are a normative part of aging, such as role transitions (e.g., retirement), declines in physical health, and the death of close others (e.g., spouses), perhaps because these events trigger reminiscence. Importantly, LATR may result in either positive (e.g., acceptance) or negative (e.g., distress) psychological outcomes. It has been suggested that the presence of social/environmental resources, including socioemotional support, may aid veterans in successfully navigating LATR. We, therefore, review relevant areas of research to delineate the role that various layers of social context may play in -helping - or hindering - aging Vietnam veterans as they navigate LATR in the context of normative late-life stressors. We conclude by offering fruitful directions for future research and applied implications for intervention efforts.
据预测,到 2020 年,将有 870 万 65 岁以上的退伍军人,其中超过一半(64%)曾在越南战争中服役。与之前的退伍军人相比,在越南服役的退伍军人在晚年,其兵役对心理健康和幸福感的影响可能更为明显。许多退伍军人在晚年面对并重新处理他们的战时记忆,试图寻找意义和连贯性,参与一个被称为成年后期创伤重新参与(LATR)的过程。LATR 通常发生在与衰老的其他压力源相关的背景下,例如角色转变(例如退休)、身体健康下降和亲近的人(例如配偶)的死亡,也许是因为这些事件引发了怀旧之情。重要的是,LATR 可能导致积极的(例如接受)或消极的(例如痛苦)心理结果。有人认为,社会/环境资源的存在,包括社会情感支持,可能有助于退伍军人成功应对 LATR。因此,我们回顾了相关研究领域,以阐明社会环境的各个层面在退伍军人在晚年面对正常压力源时应对 LATR 时可能起到的帮助或阻碍作用。最后,我们为未来的研究提供了有成效的方向,并为干预工作提供了应用启示。