Department of Criminal Justice, Kutztown University, PA, USA.
Trauma Violence Abuse. 2021 Dec;22(5):1129-1139. doi: 10.1177/1524838020906513. Epub 2020 Feb 21.
Twenty-three samples from 22 longitudinal studies assessing both bullying perpetration and bullying victimization were selected from a sample of 1,408 candidate studies using several prespecified criteria (i.e., participants ≤ 18 years of age; self-reported bullying victimization and perpetration assessed with a lag of at least 1 month but no more than 24 months; not a treatment or program study). A random effects meta-analysis was then performed on the concurrent and cross-lagged longitudinal associations between bullying victimization and perpetration in the 23 samples. A large pooled effect size ( = .40, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [.34, .45]) was obtained for the concurrent association between bullying victimization and perpetration, whereas modest to moderate effect sizes (victimization to perpetration: = .20, 95% CI [.17, .24]; perpetration to victimization: = .21, 95% CI [.17, .24]) were obtained for the two cross-lagged longitudinal correlations. The results did not change when analyses were conducted separately for traditional bullying and cyberbullying outcomes. These findings indicate that bullying victimization and perpetration correlate strongly and that their cross-lagged longitudinal relationship runs in both directions, such that perpetration is just as likely to lead to future victimization as victimization is to lead to future perpetration. Different theoretical models are proposed in an effort to explain these results: cycle of violence, general strain, and social cognitive theories for victimization leading to perpetration and risky lifestyles, routine activities, and peer selection theories for perpetration leading to victimization.
从 1408 项候选研究中，根据几个预先规定的标准（即，参与者年龄≤18 岁；使用至少 1 个月但不超过 24 个月的滞后时间报告欺凌受害和欺凌施害；不是治疗或方案研究），选择了 22 项纵向研究中来自 23 个样本的欺凌施害和受害数据。然后对这 23 个样本中欺凌受害和施害之间的同期和交叉滞后纵向关联进行了随机效应荟萃分析。欺凌受害和施害之间的同期关联得到了较大的合并效应量（ =.40，95%置信区间[CI] = [.34，.45]），而欺凌受害向施害的转变和施害向受害的转变的中等至较大效应量分别为（受害向施害： =.20，95% CI [.17，.24]；施害向受害： =.21，95% CI [.17，.24]）。当分析分别针对传统欺凌和网络欺凌结果进行时，结果并未改变。这些发现表明，欺凌受害和施害密切相关，它们的交叉滞后纵向关系是双向的，即施害行为同样有可能导致未来的受害，而受害也同样有可能导致未来的施害。为了解释这些结果，提出了不同的理论模型：暴力循环、一般压力和社会认知理论解释了受害导致施害的原因，而危险生活方式、常规活动和同伴选择理论则解释了施害导致受害的原因。
