The Superior Capsular Reconstruction: Lessons Learned and Future Directions.

The ideal solution for the irreparable rotator cuff tear remains in question. A recent innovative technique, superior capsular reconstruction (SCR), has demonstrated promising results with some early clinical outcomes demonstrating statistically notable improvements in active forward flexion and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores. Multiple biomechanical studies have also demonstrated its ability to reduce superior translation of the humerus after massive rotator cuff tear. Even so, these results are still early and durability of the reconstruction over time needs to be determined. Although more than 15,000 SCRs have been done worldwide, there remains a paucity of outcome data and one must be vigilant to not allow enthusiasm to overtake critical evaluation. The potential mechanisms of action, including tenodesis effect, force coupler, or subacromial spacer, need further elucidation and the ideal indications for this procedure, as well as its technical optimization, and limitations have yet to be fully determined. The purpose of this review is to critically evaluate the biomechanical and clinical literature that has assessed SCR, along with the controversies and considerations encountered with this procedure.