Department of Zoology, Pachaiyappa's College for Men, Kanchipuram, 631 501, Tamil Nadu, India.
Department of Zoology, Nehru Memorial College, Puthanampatti, 621 007, Tamil Nadu, India.
Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2020 Apr;99:331-341. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.02.037. Epub 2020 Feb 19.
The present study was investigated the dietary administration of cassic acid (CA) on growth, innate immunity, transcription profiles of estrogen and follicle-stimulating hormones as well as lysozyme enzyme determined in Clarias gariepinus against Edwardsiella tarda. The weight gain (WG), protein efficacy ratio (PER), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were significantly improved in infected fish fed dietary administration with CA at 5 and 10 mg kg diets. The survival is higher (96.7% and 98.3%) in the infected groups fed at 5 and 10 mg kg CA diets. The red (RBC) and white (WBC) blood cells, hemoglobin (Hb), and packed cell volume (PCV) was found significantly high in the infected fish feeding at 5 and 10 mg kg CA diets. Total protein and albumin were significantly increased with 5 and 10 mg kg CA diets among weeks 1-4 while the globulin and albumin: globulin ratio increased of these diet only after week 2. The phagocytic and respiratory burst activities were enhanced statistically the infected fish fed at 10 mg kg CA diet group whereas the production of superoxide anion (SOA) and nitric oxide (NO) were significantly increased at 5 and 10 mg kg CA diets. The lymphocyte proliferation and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were significantly high the infected fish when fed at 5 and 10 mg kg CA diets after 2nd week whereas the alternate complement activity (ACP), generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and lysozyme activity (Lyz) were observed at 5 and 10 mg kg CA diets among weeks 1-4. The accumulative mortality was 10% in infected fish fed at 1 and 5 mg kg CA diets whereas 15% mortality found with 10 mg kg CA diet. The highest levels of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) mRNA expression found in gonad while the highest levels of follicle stimulating hormone-beta subunit (FSH-β) mRNA expression found in testis of the infected fish given at 5 and 10 mg kg CA diets. The up-regulation of chick-type lysozyme (c-Lyz) mRNA was observed at 5 and 10 mg kg CA diets after 2nd week while goose-type lysozyme (g-Lyz) mRNA was up-regulation amongst weeks 1-4 of these diets. The present study suggested that E. tarda challenged fish after feeding with 5 and 10 mg kg CA diets did not affect growth and hemato-biochemical parameter, but it enhanced nonspecific immune system and improving ERα, FSH-β, c-Lyz, and g-Lyz mRNA expression in C. gariepinus against E. tarda.
本研究探讨了日粮中添加桂皮酸（CA）对感染迟钝爱德华氏菌（Edwardsiella tarda）的杂交鲮（Clarias gariepinus）生长、先天免疫、雌激素和促卵泡激素转录谱以及溶菌酶活性的影响。在感染组中，与 1 和 5mg/kg 饲料组相比，饲料中添加 5 和 10mg/kg CA 可显著提高增重（WG）、蛋白质效率比（PER）和饲料转化率（FCR）。在感染组中，投喂 5 和 10mg/kg CA 饲料的鱼存活率分别为 96.7%和 98.3%。在感染组中，与对照组相比，投喂 5 和 10mg/kg CA 饲料的鱼红细胞（RBC）和白细胞（WBC）、血红蛋白（Hb）和红细胞压积（PCV）显著升高。在第 1-4 周，5 和 10mg/kg CA 饲料组的总蛋白和白蛋白显著增加，而仅在第 2 周后，球蛋白和白蛋白/球蛋白比值增加。与对照组相比，10mg/kg CA 饲料组的吞噬和呼吸爆发活性显著增强，而 5 和 10mg/kg CA 饲料组的超氧阴离子（SOA）和一氧化氮（NO）产量显著增加。与对照组相比，投喂 5 和 10mg/kg CA 饲料的鱼在第 2 周后淋巴细胞增殖和髓过氧化物酶（MPO）活性显著升高，而替代补体活性（ACP）、活性氧（ROS）生成和溶菌酶活性（Lyz）在第 1-4 周均观察到在 5 和 10mg/kg CA 饲料组。在感染组中，与对照组相比，投喂 1 和 5mg/kg CA 饲料的鱼累积死亡率分别为 10%和 15%。在性腺中发现最高水平的雌激素受体 alpha（ERα）mRNA 表达，在睾丸中发现最高水平的促卵泡激素-β亚基（FSH-β）mRNA 表达。投喂 5 和 10mg/kg CA 饲料后第 2 周，鸡型溶菌酶（c-Lyz）mRNA 上调，而在这些饲料的第 1-4 周，鹅型溶菌酶（g-Lyz）mRNA 上调。本研究表明，日粮中添加 5 和 10mg/kg CA 饲料不会影响杂交鲮的生长和血液生化参数，但能增强非特异性免疫系统，并提高 ERα、FSH-β、c-Lyz 和 g-Lyz mRNA 在杂交鲮对迟钝爱德华氏菌的表达。
