Zhong Yi, Zhao Jiayao, Li Jiazhao, Liao Xin, Chen Fengling
Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China; National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
Qionglai maternal&Child health care hospital, Chengdu, 611530, Sichuan, China.
Anal Biochem. 2020 Jun 1;598:113620. doi: 10.1016/j.ab.2020.113620. Epub 2020 Feb 19.
Aptamers are a class of short artificial single-stranded oligo(deoxy) nucleotides that can bind to different targets, which generated by Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment (SELEX). Due to excellent selectivity and high affinity to targets, aptamers hold considerable potential as molecular probe in diverse applications ranging from ensuring food safety, monitoring environment, disease diagnosis to therapy. This review highlights recent development and challenges about aptamers screened by Cell-SELEX, and its application about cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. Advances about some operation methods such as seperation method and culture method in aptamers selection procedure were summarized in this paper. Some common challenges and technological difficulties such as nonspecific binding and biostability were discussed. Up to now, the recent endeavors about cancer diagnostic and therapeutic applications of aptamers are summarized and expatiated. Most of aptamers screened by Cell-SELEX took tumor cells as target cells, and such aptamers have been assembled to various aptasensor for cancer diagnosis. Aptamers conjugated various drugs or nanomaterials are functioned for cancer target therapy to improve drugs delivery efficiency and reduce side effects. Furthermore, the duplexed aptamer is discussed to be applied for cancer cells detection and some conflicts of theories about duplexed aptamer designs are analyzed.
适配体是一类短的人工合成单链寡（脱氧）核苷酸，能够与不同靶标结合，通过指数富集配体系统进化技术（SELEX）产生。由于对靶标具有出色的选择性和高亲和力，适配体在从确保食品安全、监测环境、疾病诊断到治疗等各种应用中作为分子探针具有巨大潜力。本文综述了通过细胞SELEX筛选的适配体的最新进展和挑战，以及其在癌症诊断和治疗中的应用。本文总结了适配体筛选过程中一些操作方法如分离方法和培养方法的进展。讨论了一些常见挑战和技术难题，如非特异性结合和生物稳定性。到目前为止，总结并阐述了适配体在癌症诊断和治疗应用方面的最新努力。通过细胞SELEX筛选的大多数适配体以肿瘤细胞作为靶细胞，并且此类适配体已被组装到各种用于癌症诊断的适配体传感器中。与各种药物或纳米材料缀合的适配体用于癌症靶向治疗，以提高药物递送效率并减少副作用。此外，还讨论了双链适配体在癌细胞检测中的应用，并分析了有关双链适配体设计的一些理论冲突。
