Neuron Glia Biology in Health and Disease, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, 5850 College Street, PO Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada; Department of Medicine (Geriatric Medicine), Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
Mech Ageing Dev. 2020 Apr;187:111217. doi: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111217. Epub 2020 Feb 20.
With the emergence of diseases, people become frailer and are expected to be less tolerant of adverse outcomes. Frailty was first described to explain the variability in life expectancy in individuals of the same age. Nowadays, it is described as a syndrome and as a state. It is used to explain the heterogeneity of people not only in their responses to biological ageing but also in their responses to illness. In this review, we explore the role of frailty both in age-related diseases, including dementia, cancer and cardiovascular disease, and in non-age-related diseases, such as Human Immunodeficiency Virus. We describe how high levels of frailty in such disorders predict worse outcomes and play a direct role in disease progression and in prognostic prediction. Overall, the potential for frailty to predict adverse health outcomes among young people as well as in non-age-related diseases is an evolving topic. Understanding how frailty contributes to poor health and how it can be modified to prevent or delay disease progression will ultimately enhance quality of life in affected individuals.
随着疾病的出现，人们变得更加脆弱，预计对不良后果的容忍度更低。虚弱首先被描述为解释同一年龄段个体预期寿命变化的原因。如今，它被描述为一种综合征和一种状态。它被用来解释人们的异质性，不仅表现在他们对生物衰老的反应上，也表现在他们对疾病的反应上。在这篇综述中，我们探讨了虚弱在与年龄相关的疾病中的作用，包括痴呆、癌症和心血管疾病，以及与年龄无关的疾病，如人类免疫缺陷病毒。我们描述了在这些疾病中，虚弱程度较高如何预测更差的结局，并在疾病进展和预后预测中发挥直接作用。总的来说，虚弱预测年轻人和与年龄无关的疾病中不良健康结局的潜力是一个不断发展的话题。了解虚弱如何导致健康状况不佳，以及如何通过改变来预防或延缓疾病进展，最终将提高受影响个体的生活质量。
