Stephens Neil, Ellis Marianne
Social and Political Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK.
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
Wellcome Open Res. 2020 Oct 12;5:12. doi: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15685.2. eCollection 2020.
This review details the core activity in cellular agriculture conducted in the UK at the end of 2019, based upon a literature review by, and community contacts of the authors. Cellular agriculture is an emergent field in which agricultural products-most typically animal-derived agricultural products-are produced through processes operating at the cellular level, as opposed to (typically farm-based) processes operating at the whole organism level. Figurehead example technologies include meat, leather and milk products manufactured from a cellular level. Cellular agriculture can be divided into two forms: 'tissue-engineering based cellular agriculture' and 'fermentation-based cellular agriculture'. Products under development in this category are typically valued for their environmental, ethical, and sometimes health and safety advantages over the animal-derived versions. There are university laboratories actively pursuing research on meat products through cellular agriculture at the universities of Bath, Newcastle, Aberystwyth, and Aston University in Birmingham. A cellular agriculture approach to producing leather is being pursued at the University of Manchester, and work seeking to produce a palm oil substitute is being conducted at the University of Bath. The UK cellular agriculture companies working in the meat space are Higher Steaks, Cellular Agriculture Ltd, CellulaRevolution, Multus Media and Biomimetic Solutions. UK private investors include CPT Capital, Agronomics Ltd, Atomico, Backed VCs, and Breakoff Capital. The UK also has a strong portfolio of social science research into diverse aspects of cellular agriculture, with at least ten separate projects being pursued over the previous decade. Three analyses of the environmental impact of potential cellular agriculture systems have been conducted in the UK. The first dedicated third-sector group in this sector in the UK is Cultivate (who produced this report) followed by Cellular Agriculture UK. International groups New Harvest and the Good Food Institute also have a UK presence.
本综述详细介绍了2019年底在英国开展的细胞农业核心活动，其依据是作者进行的文献综述以及与相关领域的交流。细胞农业是一个新兴领域，在该领域中，农产品（最典型的是动物源农产品）是通过细胞层面的操作过程生产的，而不是通过（通常基于农场的）整个生物体层面的操作过程。具有代表性的技术示例包括从细胞层面制造的肉类、皮革和奶制品。细胞农业可分为两种形式：“基于组织工程的细胞农业”和“基于发酵的细胞农业”。这一类别中正在开发的产品通常因其在环境、伦理方面的优势，有时还因其在健康和安全方面相对于动物源产品的优势而受到重视。巴斯大学、纽卡斯尔大学、阿伯里斯特威斯大学以及伯明翰的阿斯顿大学的大学实验室正在积极通过细胞农业开展肉类产品研究。曼彻斯特大学正在探索一种利用细胞农业生产皮革的方法，巴斯大学正在开展旨在生产棕榈油替代品的研究。在肉类领域开展业务的英国细胞农业公司有Higher Steaks、Cellular Agriculture Ltd、CellulaRevolution、Multus Media和Biomimetic Solutions。英国的私人投资者包括CPT Capital、Agronomics Ltd、Atomico、Backed VCs和Breakoff Capital。英国还拥有一系列关于细胞农业各个方面的强大社会科学研究项目，在过去十年中至少开展了十个独立项目。英国已经对潜在的细胞农业系统的环境影响进行了三项分析。英国该领域的第一个专门的第三部门组织是Cultivate（撰写本报告的机构），其次是Cellular Agriculture UK。国际组织New Harvest和Good Food Institute在英国也有业务。
