FoBiG, Forschungs- und Beratungsinstitut Gefahrstoffe GmbH, Klarastr. 63, 79106 Freiburg i. Br., Germany.
Eurofins Umwelt Nord GmbH, Fraunhoferstraße 1, 48161 Münster-Roxel, Germany.
Sci Total Environ. 2020 May 20;718:137173. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137173. Epub 2020 Feb 6.
End-of-life tyre (ELT)-derived rubber granules are used as synthetic turf infill on sports fields. They contain various chemical substances and there are concerns that exposure to these substances might be harmful for human health. In this second part of a Europe-wide study to address these concerns migration of substances from rubber granules to artificial body fluids (sweat, saliva, gastric juice) was tested and exposure measurements at sports fields were performed to improve the database for exposure assessment. Some PAHs, aluminium, cobalt, benzothiazole, tert-butylamine, MIBK, 4-tert-octylphenol, bisphenol A, and the phthalates DINP and DEHP were found in at least some samples of sweat simulant. The migration rates calculated with these data were used to inform the dermal exposure assessment. In artificial saliva and gastric juice, only aluminium, cobalt, 4-tert-octylphenol and MIBK were detected and migrated fractions were calculated. Bioaccessibility from rubber granules in the gastrointestinal tract was estimated conservatively, assuming complete availability for most substances. In addition, air samples from 17 sports fields in six European countries were analysed. There were no increased concentrations of metals (aluminium, cobalt), PAHs, or other semivolatile substances in air samples, but some volatiles (MIBK: 95th percentile: 18 μg/m, benzothiazole: 95th perc.: 7 μg/m, tert-butylamine: 95th perc.: 31 μg/m, 2-heptanone: 95th perc.: 0.4 μg/m, cyclohexanone: 95th perc.: 1.5 μg/m, and saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons >C9: 95th perc.: 26 μg/m) were slightly increased in a few samples. In addition, skin wipe samples were obtained from 43 sportspeople after playing on synthetic turfs. Only aluminium was detected above the limit of quantification in these samples (95th perc.: 0.84 mg/sample). These data are important input for risk characterisation as performed in the final study phase. Bioaccessibility data are used for estimating oral and dermal exposure of sportspeople, and air measurements are essential for inhalation exposure assessment.
废弃轮胎（ELT）衍生橡胶颗粒被用作运动场上的人造草坪填充物。它们含有各种化学物质，人们担心接触这些物质可能对人类健康有害。在这项欧洲范围内的研究的第二部分中，测试了从橡胶颗粒向人工体液（汗液、唾液、胃液）迁移物质的情况，并在运动场上进行了暴露测量，以改进暴露评估数据库。在汗液模拟物的至少一些样本中发现了一些多环芳烃、铝、钴、苯并噻唑、叔丁基胺、MIBK、4-叔辛基苯酚、双酚 A 和邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯（DINP）和邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯（DEHP）。使用这些数据计算的迁移率被用于告知皮肤暴露评估。在人工唾液和胃液中，仅检测到铝、钴、4-叔辛基苯酚和 MIBK，并计算了迁移分数。假设大多数物质完全可用，保守估计了胃肠道中橡胶颗粒的生物可利用性。此外，分析了来自六个欧洲国家的 17 个运动场上的空气样本。空气中没有金属（铝、钴）、多环芳烃或其他半挥发性物质浓度增加，但一些挥发性物质（MIBK：95 百分位：18μg/m，苯并噻唑：95 百分位：7μg/m，叔丁基胺：95 百分位：31μg/m，2-庚酮：95 百分位：0.4μg/m，环己酮：95 百分位：1.5μg/m，和大于 C9 的饱和脂肪族烃：95 百分位：26μg/m）在少数样本中略有增加。此外，在人造草坪上运动后，从 43 名运动员身上获得了皮肤擦拭样本。在这些样本中仅检测到铝超过定量限（95 百分位：0.84mg/样本）。这些数据是最终研究阶段进行风险特征描述的重要输入。生物利用度数据用于估计运动员的口服和皮肤暴露，而空气测量对于吸入暴露评估至关重要。
