Dept. of Water and Wastewater Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
Dept. of Environmental Engineering and Geodesy, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland.
Sci Total Environ. 2020 May 20;718:137371. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137371. Epub 2020 Feb 19.
This paper reports a comparative study on kinetics of organic matter expressed as BOD and nitrogen removal in constructed wetlands operated in Poland. Analyzed data were collected at eight wetland systems, composed of subsurface flow beds: horizontal flow (HF) and vertical flow (VF), in different number and sequences. The analysis involved particularly mass removal rates (MRR) and first-order removal rate coefficients of BOD and total nitrogen (k and k for VF and HF filters, respectively, and k as a parameter averaged for a temperature of 20 °C). It was found that the higher the load of pollutants applied to the beds, the higher MRR values were obtained. The average k-rates in analyzed systems were mostly lower than those reported in the literature, especially in the case of total nitrogen. Its removal obtained in horizontal flow beds was k = 0.002-0.042 d, while in vertical flow systems k varied from 0.007 m d to 0.0037 m d. According to data given by previous studies, first-order reaction rates for nitrogen removal varied in range from k = 0.048 d to k = 0.19 d and k from 0.007 to 0.1 m d in HF and VF beds, respectively. Regarding BOD shown in literature, removal rate k for HF beds varied from 0.071 to 6.11 d, and k for VF beds varied from 0.019 to 1.0 m d, while in this study lower k-rates were obtained: k = 0.005-0.085 d and k = 0.015-0.130 m d. Relatively long monitoring period, for some of constructed wetland up to 16 years, resulted in good data set and enables creation of the graphs, which could be helpful in evaluation and designing of constructed wetlands for PE bigger than 50, in moderate climate conditions.
本文报告了在波兰运行的人工湿地中，以 BOD 表示的有机物动力学和氮去除的比较研究。分析数据是在由地下流床组成的八个湿地系统中收集的：水平流 (HF) 和垂直流 (VF)，数量和顺序不同。分析特别涉及质量去除率 (MRR) 和 BOD 和总氮的一级去除率系数 (k 和 k 分别为 VF 和 HF 过滤器的参数，以及 k 为 20°C 温度下的平均值)。结果表明，施加到床的污染物负荷越高，获得的 MRR 值越高。在分析系统中，平均 k 率大多低于文献报道的值，尤其是总氮的情况。在水平流床中获得的去除率为 k = 0.002-0.042 d，而在垂直流系统中 k 从 0.007 m d 变化到 0.0037 m d。根据先前研究的数据，氮去除的一级反应速率在 k = 0.048 d 到 k = 0.19 d 的范围内变化，HF 和 VF 床的 k 分别从 0.007 到 0.1 m d。关于文献中给出的 BOD，HF 床的去除率 k 从 0.071 变化到 6.11 d，VF 床的 k 从 0.019 变化到 1.0 m d，而在本研究中，k 率较低：k = 0.005-0.085 d 和 k = 0.015-0.130 m d。相对较长的监测期，对于一些人工湿地长达 16 年，导致了良好的数据集，并能够创建图形，这有助于在温和气候条件下，对大于 50 的 PE 进行人工湿地的评估和设计。
