Departamento de Química Biológica, IQUIBICEN, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, INIBIOMA, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET-UNCo), CEAN, Junín de los Andes, Neuquén, Argentina.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2020 Apr 15;193:110341. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110341. Epub 2020 Feb 22.
An in-situ experiment was performed to study metabolic responses of the freshwater mussel Diplodon chilensis to water contaminated by leachates from an open dump and cattle activity, in order to analyze both the effects of those contaminants on aquatic environments and the potential use of a native bivalve to evaluate the effects of anthropic influence and eutrophication. Bivalves from a reference site were cage-transplanted to a control site (site A) and to a temporal water pond (site B) over 30 and 60 periods. Water quality analyses revealed that the site B was affected by anthropogenic influence. Mussel's hemocytes from site B showed 50% lower reactive oxygen species production and 130% higher lysosomal membrane stability in the site B mussels. In addition, no oxidative stress was evident in gills, despite the elevated copper and iron concentrations recorded in the site B water samples (Cu = 0.3350 ± 0.0636 mg. Lvs. Cu = 0.0045 ± 0.0007 mg. L; Fe = 3.8650 ± 0.4031 mg. Lvs. Fe = 0.0365 ± 0.0049 mg. L). In contrast, the adductor muscle accumulated more Fe (~10-20-fold) than the gills and showed signs of oxidative stress, e.g. superoxide dismutase activity and TBARS levels were increased by 10% were 34%, respectively, in the site B compared with the site A after 60 days of exposure. Additionally, the adductor muscle showed signs of anaerobic metabolism activation. Cu is accumulated in gills from both sites' individuals, at 60 days, in concordance with the increase in the activity of the cu-containing enzyme cytochrome-c-oxidase. There was a reduction in the overall condition and digestive gland index in bivalves exposed at site B, associated with diminished levels of lipid and protein contents. Metal-pollution and eutrophication affects D. chilensis metabolism and is associated to tissue-specific exposure, anaerobic metabolism and general energetic condition depletion.
进行了一项原位实验，以研究淡水贻贝 Diplodon chilensis 对来自垃圾场渗滤液和牛活动污染的水的代谢反应，旨在分析这些污染物对水生环境的影响，以及利用本地双壳类动物评估人为影响和富营养化的潜在用途。从参考地点采集的双壳类动物被 cage-transplanted 到对照地点（地点 A）和临时水池塘（地点 B），分别进行 30 天和 60 天的实验。水质分析表明，地点 B 受到人为影响。来自地点 B 的贻贝的血细胞显示，地点 B 贻贝的活性氧物种产生减少 50%，溶酶体膜稳定性增加 130%。此外，尽管地点 B 水样中的铜和铁浓度升高（Cu = 0.3350 ± 0.0636 mg. L 比 Cu = 0.0045 ± 0.0007 mg. L；Fe = 3.8650 ± 0.4031 mg. L 比 Fe = 0.0365 ± 0.0049 mg. L），但鳃中没有明显的氧化应激。相比之下，与对照点 A 相比，经过 60 天暴露后，地点 B 的肌肉组织中 Fe 的积累量增加了 10-20 倍（超氧化物歧化酶活性和 TBARS 水平分别增加了 10%和 34%），并出现了氧化应激迹象，如超氧化物歧化酶活性和 TBARS 水平分别增加了 10%和 34%。此外，地点 B 的肌肉组织表现出厌氧代谢激活的迹象。在 60 天时，来自两个地点的个体的鳃中都积累了 Cu，这与含 Cu 酶细胞色素 c 氧化酶活性的增加相一致。暴露在地点 B 的双壳类动物的整体状况和消化腺指数下降，与脂质和蛋白质含量的降低有关。金属污染和富营养化影响 D. chilensis 的新陈代谢，并与组织特异性暴露、厌氧代谢和整体能量状况消耗有关。
