School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, P. R. China.
State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China.
J Sci Food Agric. 2020 May;100(7):3164-3172. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.10351. Epub 2020 Mar 10.
The rhizome of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) is one of the most patronized spices worldwide and plays an important role in folklore medicine. In this study, we aimed to determine the quality of ginger samples from representative West African (Ghana, Nigeria) and East African (Uganda, Kenya) countries. By that, we also implicitly sought to determine the probable influence of location of cultivation (and the intrinsic growth conditions) on the quality of the samples. The ginger samples were pretreated by osmosonication prior to relative humidity convective drying and analyzed for differences in their metabolomes, total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant activities, sensory characteristics and volatile compounds composition (via electronic-nose determination).
The outcome of our study showed marked source-dependent differences in the metabolomes of the samples as captured by a metabolomics approach. Based on the findings of the metabolomics study, 6-gingerol content was quantified and found to be higher in the samples of West African origin. Also, the samples from the two West African countries contained higher levels of bioactive phytochemicals as evinced by the results of TPC, TFC, e-nose analysis, and antioxidant activities. They also gave better sensory attributes.
In summary, for all parameters assessed, and on a country-by-country basis, the general quality trend observed was: Ghana > Nigeria > Uganda > Kenya. All results taken together, our findings at least in part, point to the influence of geographical regions of cultivation on the quality of the ginger rhizomes. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
姜（Zingiber officinale Roscoe）的根茎是全球最受欢迎的香料之一，在民间医学中发挥着重要作用。在这项研究中，我们旨在确定来自代表性的西非（加纳、尼日利亚）和东非（乌干达、肯尼亚）国家的姜样本的质量。通过这种方式，我们也隐含地试图确定种植地点（和内在生长条件）对样品质量的可能影响。在相对湿度对流干燥之前，用渗透压超声处理姜样品，并分析其代谢组、总酚含量（TPC）和总黄酮含量（TFC）、抗氧化活性、感官特性和挥发性化合物组成（通过电子鼻测定）的差异。
我们的研究结果表明，通过代谢组学方法，样本的代谢组存在明显的来源依赖性差异。基于代谢组学研究的结果，定量了 6-姜酚的含量，发现来自西非的样品含量较高。此外，来自两个西非国家的样品含有更高水平的生物活性植物化学物质，这一点可以从 TPC、TFC、电子鼻分析和抗氧化活性的结果中看出。它们也具有更好的感官特性。
总之，就评估的所有参数而言，在逐个国家的基础上，观察到的总体质量趋势是：加纳>尼日利亚>乌干达>肯尼亚。所有结果综合在一起，我们的发现至少部分表明，种植的地理位置对姜根茎的质量有影响。© 2020 化学工业协会。
