Nephrology Department, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Iasi 700115, Romania.
Curr Vasc Pharmacol. 2021;19(1):34-40. doi: 10.2174/1570161118666200225093827.
Volume overload is the most common complication in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients, being directly related to numerous complications including resistant hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, congestive heart failure or arterial stiffness, among others. Therefore, volume overload is now considered an important risk factor for hard outcomes, like all-cause or cardiovascular mortality. Relying solely on clinical examination for assessing volume overload in ESRD patients lacks sensitivity and specificity. Numerous efforts have been made to identify new methods that could objectively assess volume status; however, each of them has important limitations. This review aims to discuss the most frequently used methods (biomarkers, inferior vena cava assessment, lung ultrasonography, bioimpedance analysis and blood volume monitoring) and to compare the advantage of each method vs. the overall/ clinical strategy.
容量超负荷是终末期肾病（ESRD）患者最常见的并发症，与许多并发症直接相关，包括耐药性高血压、心脏肥大、充血性心力衰竭或动脉僵硬等。因此，容量超负荷现在被认为是硬终点的一个重要危险因素，如全因或心血管死亡率。仅依靠临床检查来评估 ESRD 患者的容量超负荷缺乏敏感性和特异性。已经做出了许多努力来寻找新的方法来客观评估容量状态；然而，每种方法都有重要的局限性。这篇综述旨在讨论最常用的方法（生物标志物、下腔静脉评估、肺部超声、生物阻抗分析和血容量监测），并比较每种方法相对于整体/临床策略的优势。
