The Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom (Gunn, Maltby); and the Adult Mental Health Clinical Psychology Department, Leicestershire Partnership National Health Service Trust, Leicester, United Kingdom (Dale).
J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2020 Summer;32(3):244-251. doi: 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.19080181. Epub 2020 Feb 27.
Persons with Huntington's disease (HD) often have communication difficulties and cognitive impairments, making mental health assessment difficult. Informants close to the patient are often included in assessments. The authors investigated effects of informant presence during assessment of persons with HD.
Data for four subsamples from ENROLL-HD were examined: manifest for HD (N=4,109), premanifest (N=1,790), genotype negative (N=1,041), and family members with no genetic risk (N=974). Assessment interviews with and without an informant present were identified, and the subsamples were compared on three subscales of the short-form Problem Behaviors Assessment: affect, apathy, and irritability. Differences in scores between participant-only and informant-present interviews were examined via multiple regression, controlling for demographic, disease-related, and individual confounds.
Significant differences in apathy and irritability scores were found between participant-only and informant-present conditions for the premanifest, manifest, and genotype-negative subsamples. Affect subscale scores were not influenced by informant presence. When the analysis controlled for confounds, informant presence significantly increased irritability scores in the manifest, and genotype-negative groups and significantly increased apathy scores in the manifest group.
Apathy may have been systemically underreported in participant-only interviews, which supports previous findings that persons with HD underreport mental health symptoms. When an informant was present, irritability scores were higher for both HD and non-HD individuals, suggesting that underreporting via self-report may be attributable to non-HD factors. Informant contributions to apathy assessments may be particularly important for persons with HD. Clinicians should note potential underreporting regarding irritability and affect, which was not remediated by informant presence.
亨廷顿病(HD)患者通常存在沟通困难和认知障碍,导致精神健康评估较为困难。患者的知情者通常会参与评估。作者研究了知情者在 HD 患者评估中的存在对评估结果的影响。
对来自 ENROLL-HD 的四个子样本的数据进行了检查:HD 明显症状组(N=4109)、前显症状组(N=1790)、基因阴性组(N=1041)和无遗传风险的家族成员组(N=974)。确定了有无知情者在场的评估访谈,并通过多元回归,控制人口统计学、疾病相关和个体混杂因素,比较了三个简短问题行为评估量表子量表的分数:情感、淡漠和易怒。
在前显症状、明显症状和基因阴性组中,参与者单独和有知情者在场的访谈之间的淡漠和易怒评分存在显著差异。情感量表的评分不受知情者存在的影响。当分析控制了混杂因素时,知情者的存在显著增加了明显症状和基因阴性组的易怒评分,以及明显症状组的淡漠评分。
在仅有参与者的访谈中,淡漠可能被系统地低估了,这支持了先前的研究结果,即 HD 患者会低估心理健康症状。当有知情者在场时,HD 和非 HD 个体的易怒评分都更高,这表明通过自我报告的低估可能归因于非 HD 因素。知情者对淡漠评估的贡献可能对 HD 患者尤为重要。临床医生应注意易怒和情感方面可能存在的低估,而知情者的存在并不能纠正这种情况。