Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, 1503 E University Blvd, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
Cognitive Science Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci. 2020 Apr;20(2):371-386. doi: 10.3758/s13415-020-00774-9.
Recent research has investigated how personality trait differences influence the processing of emotion conveyed by pictures, but limited research has examined the emotion conveyed by words. The present study investigated whether extraversion (extroverts vs. introverts) and neuroticism (high neurotics vs. low neurotics) influence the processing of positive, neutral, and negative words that were matched for arousal. Electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded from healthy participants while they performed a lexical decision task. We found that personality traits influenced emotional word recognition at N400 (300-450 ms) and LPC (450-800 ms). At the earlier (N400) stage, the more extraverted and neurotic a participant was, the more reduced the N400s for the positive words relative to neutral words were. This suggests that the extroverts and high neurotics (i.e., high impulsivity) identified positive content in words during lexical feature retrieval, which facilitated such retrieval. At the later (LPC) stage, both the introverts and high neurotics (i.e., high anxiety) showed greater LPCs to negative than neutral words, indicating their sustained attention and elaborative processing of negative information. These results suggest that extraversion and neuroticism collectively influence different stages of emotional word recognition in a way that is consistent with Gray's biopsychological theory of personality.
最近的研究调查了人格特质差异如何影响对图片所传达情感的处理，但有限的研究考察了词汇所传达的情感。本研究探讨了外向性（外向者与内向者）和神经质（高神经质者与低神经质者）是否会影响对积极、中性和消极词汇的处理，这些词汇在唤醒程度上是匹配的。在健康参与者执行词汇判断任务时，我们记录了他们的脑电图（EEG）。我们发现，人格特质会影响情绪词汇识别，表现在 N400（300-450ms）和 LPC（450-800ms）阶段。在早期（N400 阶段），参与者越外向、越神经质，他们对积极词汇的 N400 波幅相对于中性词汇的减少幅度就越大。这表明，外向者和高神经质者（即高冲动性）在词汇特征检索过程中识别出了词汇中的积极内容，从而促进了这种检索。在晚期（LPC 阶段），内向者和高神经质者（即高焦虑者）对消极词汇的 LPC 波幅都大于中性词汇，表明他们对消极信息的持续注意和详尽处理。这些结果表明，外向性和神经质共同影响着情绪词汇识别的不同阶段，这与格雷的人格生物心理学理论一致。
