Arctic Research Centre, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark.
Institute of Coastal Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Centre for Materials and Coastal Research, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany.
Sensors (Basel). 2020 Feb 25;20(5):1254. doi: 10.3390/s20051254.
Meltwater runoff from the Greenland Ice Sheet changes water levels in glacial lakes and can lead to glacial lake outburst flooding (GLOF) events that threaten lives and property. Icebergs produced at Greenland's marine terminating glaciers drift into Baffin Bay and the North Atlantic, where they can threaten shipping and offshore installations. Thus, monitoring glacial lake water levels and the drift of icebergs can enhance safety and aid in the scientific studies of glacial hydrology and iceberg-ocean interactions. The Maker Buoy was originally designed as a low-cost and open source sensor to monitor surface ocean currents. The open source framework, low-cost components, rugged construction and affordable satellite data transmission capabilities make it easy to customize for environmental monitoring in remote areas and under harsh conditions. Here, we present two such Maker Buoy variants that were developed to monitor water level in an ice-infested glacial lake in southern Greenland and to track drifting icebergs and moorings in the Vaigat Strait (Northwest Greenland). We describe the construction of each design variant, methods to access data in the field without an internet connection, and deployments in Greenland in summer 2019. The successful deployments of each Maker Buoy variant suggest that they may also be useful in operational iceberg management strategies and in GLOF monitoring programs.
从格陵兰冰原融化的水改变了冰川湖的水位，可能导致冰川湖突发洪水（GLOF）事件，威胁生命和财产。格陵兰海洋终端冰川产生的冰山漂移到巴芬湾和北大西洋，在那里它们可能威胁到航运和海上设施。因此，监测冰川湖水位和冰山漂移可以提高安全性，并有助于冰川水文学和冰山-海洋相互作用的科学研究。Maker Buoy 最初被设计为一种低成本和开源传感器，用于监测海洋表面洋流。开源框架、低成本组件、坚固的结构和经济实惠的卫星数据传输功能，使其易于在偏远地区和恶劣条件下进行环境监测进行定制。在这里，我们介绍了两种 Maker Buoy 变体，它们是为监测格陵兰南部一个被冰覆盖的冰川湖的水位以及追踪 Vaigat 海峡（格陵兰西北部）的冰山和系泊物而开发的。我们描述了每个设计变体的结构、在没有互联网连接的情况下在现场访问数据的方法，以及 2019 年在格陵兰的部署情况。每个 Maker Buoy 变体的成功部署表明，它们也可能对运营中的冰山管理策略和 GLOF 监测计划有用。
