Department of Surgery, Laboratory of Bioregenerative Medicine and Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.
Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.
Tissue Eng Part B Rev. 2020 Oct;26(5):423-442. doi: 10.1089/ten.TEB.2019.0347. Epub 2020 Apr 13.
The development of adequate experimental models is crucial to furthering the current mechanistic understanding of the etiopathogenesis, subsequent growth, and ultimate metastasis of breast cancer, to develop targeted diagnostics and therapeutics such as the identification of new treatments for multidrug-resistant tumors and triple-negative breast cancers. The utility of new therapeutic options is limited by the platforms currently used to test their efficacy . The use of three-dimensional models, which incorporate patient-specific, primary cells, offers significant advantages over traditional two-dimensional models by providing a means of accurately recapitulating the complex tumor microenvironment. Advances in breast cancer models, in turn, stand to contribute to more efficacious breast cancer therapeutics. Herein, we review the recent advances in experimental models of breast cancer and suggest methods by which these can be used to further our understanding of said cancer. Impact statement This review provides a comprehensive look at the development of experimental models for breast cancer, the pitfalls identified therein, and the creative solutions that have overcome these challenges. Collectively, we tell a story of the many compounding efforts that have been successful in more accurately modeling the origin and progression of this disease in a patient-specific manner. By providing a thorough and detailed account of model development thus far, we provide the necessary foundation for those who seek to contribute to the important work of modeling breast cancer toward the development of increasingly accurate diagnostics and therapeutics. These advances will ultimately serve to benefit patients, providers, cancer biologists, and anyone participating in cancer research.
发展充分的实验模型对于进一步了解乳腺癌的发病机制、后续生长和最终转移至关重要，对于开发靶向诊断和治疗方法也至关重要，例如确定新的治疗方法来治疗多药耐药肿瘤和三阴性乳腺癌。新治疗方案的实用性受到目前用于测试其疗效的平台的限制。使用三维模型，整合患者特异性的原代细胞，通过提供一种准确再现复杂肿瘤微环境的方法，与传统的二维模型相比具有显著优势。乳腺癌模型的进步反过来也有助于开发更有效的乳腺癌治疗方法。本文综述了乳腺癌实验模型的最新进展，并提出了利用这些模型来进一步了解乳腺癌的方法。影响说明 本文全面回顾了乳腺癌实验模型的发展，以及其中发现的缺陷和克服这些挑战的创造性解决方案。总的来说，我们讲述了许多成功的努力故事，这些努力以患者特异性的方式更准确地模拟了这种疾病的起源和进展。通过全面详细地描述模型的发展，我们为那些希望为以建模乳腺癌为重点的重要工作做出贡献的人提供了必要的基础，以开发出越来越准确的诊断和治疗方法。这些进展最终将使患者、提供者、癌症生物学家和任何参与癌症研究的人受益。
