Division of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China.
Anat Sci Educ. 2020 May;13(3):390-400. doi: 10.1002/ase.1952. Epub 2020 Mar 18.
Medical education in mainland China has undergone massive expansion and reforms in the past decades. A nation-wide survey of the five-year clinical medicine programs aimed to examine the course hours, pedagogies, learning resources and teaching staff of anatomy both at present and over the past three decades (1990-1999, 2000-2009, and 2010-2018). The directors or senior teachers from 90 out of the 130 five-year clinical medicine programs were invited to fill out a factual questionnaire by email. Ultimately, sixty-five completed questionnaires were received from 65 different schools. It was found that the total number of gross anatomy course hours has decreased by 11% in the past 30 years and that systematic and regional anatomy have been increasingly taught separately among the surveyed medical schools. Problem-based learning has been adopted in thirty-five (54%) of the surveyed schools, and team-based learning is used in ten (15%) of the surveyed schools. The surveyed schools reported receiving more donated cadavers in recent years, with the average number increasing from 20.67 ± 20.29 in 2000-2009 to 36.10 ± 47.26 in 2010-2018. However, this has not resulted in a decrease in the number of students who needed to share one cadaver (11.85 ± 5.03 in 1990-1999 to 14.22 ± 5.0 in 2010-2018). A decreasing trend regarding the teacher-student ratio (1:25.5 in 2000-2009 to 1:33.2 in 2010-2018) was also reported. The survey demonstrated the historical changes in gross anatomy education in China over the past thirty years.
中国大陆的医学教育在过去几十年经历了大规模的扩张和改革。一项针对五年制临床医学课程的全国性调查旨在检查解剖学目前和过去三十年（1990-1999 年、2000-2009 年和 2010-2018 年）的课程时间、教学法、学习资源和教学人员。通过电子邮件邀请 130 个五年制临床医学课程中的 90 名主任或资深教师填写一份事实问卷。最终，来自 65 所不同学校的 65 份完整问卷被收回。结果发现，过去 30 年来，总解剖学课程时间减少了 11%，系统解剖学和局部解剖学在被调查的医学院中越来越多地分开教授。在接受调查的学校中，有 35 所（54%）采用了基于问题的学习方法，有 10 所（15%）采用了基于团队的学习方法。被调查学校报告近年来收到了更多的捐赠尸体，平均数量从 2000-2009 年的 20.67±20.29 增加到 2010-2018 年的 36.10±47.26。然而，这并没有导致需要共享一具尸体的学生人数减少（1990-1999 年为 11.85±5.03，2010-2018 年为 14.22±5.0）。报告还显示，师生比例呈下降趋势（2000-2009 年为 1:25.5，2010-2018 年为 1:33.2）。该调查展示了过去三十年中国大体解剖学教育的历史变化。
