Université de Bordeaux.
INSERM U1045, Bordeaux, France.
Curr Opin Hematol. 2020 May;27(3):197-205. doi: 10.1097/MOH.0000000000000575.
The discovery of podosomes in endothelial cells during the process of angiogenesis in vivo opens a new era in vascular biology. Podosomes are actin-based microdomains located at the plasma membrane that have been extensively described but in vitro and in other cells. This review focuses on podosomes in endothelial cells and aims to rise hypotheses about when and how these structures mediate cell--microenvironment interactions.
A wealth of new information regarding podosome organization and functioning has been collected in simple 2D models. Characterization of their modular architecture has unravelled their mechanics. However, context matters and podosome characteristics and functioning are shaped by the microenvironment. Although matrix degradation was seen as the typical function of podosomes, mechanosensing now appears equally prominent and involved in setting of the proteolytic machinery. Endothelial podosomes breach the basement membrane, and are thus, involved in vascular remodelling.
In endothelial cells, podosomes are involved in breaking up the basement membrane, giving the cells the opportunity to invade adjacent tissues and to engage in new cell--cell interactions. Such functions are particularly relevant to vascular biology and the exploration of podosomes in in vivo settings should bring clues to many unanswered questions.
在体内血管生成过程中内皮细胞中足突的发现为血管生物学开辟了一个新时代。足突是位于质膜上的肌动蛋白为基础的微区，已被广泛描述，但在体外和其他细胞中。本综述重点介绍内皮细胞中的足突，并旨在提出关于这些结构何时以及如何介导细胞-微环境相互作用的假说。
在简单的 2D 模型中收集了大量关于足突组织和功能的新信息。它们模块化结构的特征揭示了它们的力学特性。然而，背景很重要，微环境会影响足突的特征和功能。虽然基质降解被视为足突的典型功能，但机械感受现在同样突出，并参与了蛋白酶机制的设定。内皮细胞的足突破坏基膜，因此参与血管重塑。
在内皮细胞中，足突参与破坏基膜，使细胞有机会侵入相邻组织并参与新的细胞-细胞相互作用。这些功能与血管生物学特别相关，在体内环境中探索足突应该为许多悬而未决的问题提供线索。
