Gurgul Magdalena, Lytvynenko Anton S, Jarosz Magdalena, Gawlak Karolina, Sulka Grzegorz D, Zaraska Leszek
Department of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
L.V. Pisarzhevskii Institute of Physical Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Prospekt Nauky 31, Kyiv 03028, Ukraine.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2020 Feb 26;10(3):410. doi: 10.3390/nano10030410.
A simple two-step electrochemical method for the fabrication of a new type of hierarchical Sn/SnO micro/nanostructures is proposed for the very first time. Firstly, porous metallic Sn foams are grown on Sn foil via hydrogen bubble-assisted electrodeposition from an acidulated tin chloride electrolyte. As-obtained metallic foams consist of randomly distributed dendrites grown uniformly on the entire metal surface. The estimated value of pore diameter near the surface is ~35 µm, while voids with a diameter of ~15 µm appear in a deeper part of the deposit. Secondly, a layer of amorphous nanoporous tin oxide (with a pore diameter of ~60 nm) is generated on the metal surface by its anodic oxidation in an alkaline electrolyte (1 M NaOH) at the potential of 4 V for various durations. It is confirmed that if only optimal conditions are applied, the dendritic morphology of the metal foam does not change significantly, and an open-porous structure is still preserved after anodization. Such kinds of hierarchical nanoporous Sn/SnO systems are superhydrophilic, contrary to those obtained by thermal oxidation of metal foams which are hydrophobic. Finally, the photoelectrochemical activity of the nanostructured metal/metal oxide electrodes is also presented.
首次提出了一种简单的两步电化学方法来制备新型分级Sn/SnO微纳结构。首先，通过在酸化的氯化锡电解液中进行氢气泡辅助电沉积，在锡箔上生长出多孔金属泡沫锡。所得金属泡沫由在整个金属表面均匀生长的随机分布的树枝状晶体组成。表面附近的估计孔径约为35 µm，而在沉积物较深部分出现直径约为15 µm的空隙。其次，通过在碱性电解液（1 M NaOH）中于4 V电位下对金属表面进行不同时长的阳极氧化，生成一层非晶态纳米多孔氧化锡（孔径约为60 nm）。证实了如果仅应用最佳条件，金属泡沫的树枝状形态不会显著变化，并且阳极氧化后仍保留开孔结构。与通过金属泡沫热氧化获得的疏水结构相反，这类分级纳米多孔Sn/SnO体系具有超亲水性。最后，还展示了纳米结构金属/金属氧化物电极的光电化学活性。
