Department of Psychology, Southern Illinois University, Life Science II - Mail Code 6502, 1125 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA.
J Clin Psychol Med Settings. 2021 Mar;28(1):102-112. doi: 10.1007/s10880-020-09703-x.
Sleep difficulties are a common pediatric complaint, and the majority of these sleep difficulties are behavioral in nature (e.g., difficulties initiating or maintaining sleep). Although research supports behavioral interventions to improve sleep in young children with behavioral sleep difficulties, anxiety and child distress are common in this age range and these factors can impact treatment outcomes directly (e.g., increased distress and resistance at bedtime) and indirectly (e.g., poor parental compliance with behavioral strategies). Anxiety is an important aspect of treatment in adolescents and adults with behavioral sleep difficulties, but this factor is rarely considered in the literature for younger children. Thus, this manuscript reviews the literature on anxiety as it relates to behavioral sleep difficulties in young children (i.e., the preschool and surrounding age range), provides an overview of empirically supported behavioral intervention and research incorporating anxiety into behavioral sleep treatments, and provides recommendations and future directions for continuing to advance the literature and treatment in this area.
睡眠困难是儿童常见的问题，其中大多数睡眠困难是行为性的（例如，入睡或保持睡眠困难）。尽管研究支持行为干预措施来改善有行为性睡眠困难的幼儿的睡眠，但在这个年龄段，焦虑和儿童痛苦是很常见的，这些因素会直接（例如，增加睡前的痛苦和抵抗）和间接（例如，父母对行为策略的依从性差）影响治疗结果。焦虑是治疗青少年和成年人行为性睡眠困难的一个重要方面，但在针对幼儿的文献中很少考虑这一因素。因此，本文综述了与幼儿（即学龄前及周围年龄范围）行为性睡眠困难相关的焦虑文献，概述了将焦虑纳入行为性睡眠治疗的实证支持的行为干预和研究，并为在该领域继续推进文献和治疗提供了建议和未来方向。
