Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Rochester University, Rochester Hills, MI, USA.
Clin Ther. 2020 Apr;42(4):e74-e81. doi: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2020.02.002. Epub 2020 Feb 28.
The impact of gut bacteria on the brain and behavior has become the subject of intense research. The brain is sensitive to biochemical and physiologic changes in the body, for example, changes in blood oxygenation or nutritional status. The collection of microorganisms residing within the digestive tract (the gut microbiome) is increasingly considered a major contributor to human physiology. These 2 considerations have led to the hypothesis that human psychology, including complex constructs like emotion and mental illness, could be influenced by the composition or function of gut bacteria. Five lines of evidence have been used to support the concept, including human correlational research, probiotic supplementation, antibiotic use, germ-free animal research, and fecal transplantation. Results from these experiments do not provide substantial support for the theory that complex human psychology is under the influence of gut bacteria. Placebo-controlled interventional research in humans, in particular fecal microbiota transplantation, will be required before a stronger conclusion can be reached.
肠道细菌对大脑和行为的影响已成为研究的热点。大脑对身体的生化和生理变化很敏感，例如，血氧或营养状态的变化。存在于消化道（肠道微生物组）中的微生物集合被认为是人体生理学的主要贡献者。这两个因素导致了一个假设，即人类心理学，包括情绪和精神疾病等复杂结构，可能受到肠道细菌的组成或功能的影响。有五条证据线支持这一概念，包括人类相关性研究、益生菌补充、抗生素使用、无菌动物研究和粪便移植。这些实验的结果并没有为肠道细菌影响复杂人类心理学的理论提供实质性支持。在得出更强有力的结论之前，需要在人类中进行安慰剂对照的干预性研究，特别是粪便微生物群移植。
