Ortega-García Juan Antonio, Martínez-Hernández Indra, Boldo Elena, Cárceles-Álvarez Alberto, Solano-Navarro Carmen, Ramis Rebeca, Aguilar-Ros Estefanía, Sánchez-Solis Manuel, López-Hernández Fernando
Comité de Salud Medioambiental, Asociación Española de Pediatría (AEP); Unidad de Salud Medioambiental, Servicio de Pediátria, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Salud y Ambiente Lab, IMIB-Arrixaca, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, España.
Unidad de Salud Medioambiental, Servicio de Pediátria, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Salud y Ambiente Lab, IMIB-Arrixaca, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, España.
An Pediatr (Engl Ed). 2020 Aug;93(2):95-102. doi: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2020.01.012. Epub 2020 Feb 27.
Urban air pollution is a major threat to child and adolescent health. Children are more vulnerable to its effects, being associated with higher morbidity and mortality due to acute and chronic diseases, especially respiratory ones. A study is performed on the relationship between urban air pollution and the rate of hospital admissions due to acute respiratory diseases.
An ecological study was conducted on young people under 17 years-old in the city of Murcia, who had visited hospital emergency departments due to respiratory diseases (ICD-9) during 2015. A logistic regression was performed on the risk of hospital admission that included consultations in relation to the average daily levels of environmental pollutants (NO, O, PM10, SO) obtained from the Air Quality Surveillance and Control network of the Region of Murcia. Other control variables, such as gender, age, average daily ambient temperature, and season of the year.
A total of 12,354 (56% boys and 44% girls) children consulted in the emergency department for respiratory disease. Of those, 3.5% were admitted, with a mean age of 2.54 (95% CI; 2.16-2.91) years. The odds ratio (OR) of hospital admission for respiratory diseases: NO 1.02 (95% CI; 1.01-1.04; P<.01), O 1.01 (95% CI; 1.00-1.03; P<.01) male 1.4 (95% CI 1.11-1.79; P<.01) and winter 2.10 (95% CI 1.40-3.21; P<.01). Admissions for asthma: PM10 1.02 (95% CI; 1.01-1.04; P<.05), O 1.04 (95% CI; 1.01-1.06; P<.01). Admissions for bronchiolitis: Age 0.69 (95% CI; 0.48-0.99; P<.05); NO 1.03 (95% CI; 1.01-1.05; P<.01).
Urban air pollution increases hospital admissions in children due to acute respiratory diseases, especially asthma and bronchiolitis. Implementing preventive measures, expanding time series and collaborative studies with open data, would help improve public health and air quality in the cities.
城市空气污染是对儿童和青少年健康的重大威胁。儿童更容易受到其影响，因急性和慢性疾病，尤其是呼吸道疾病，发病率和死亡率更高。开展了一项关于城市空气污染与急性呼吸道疾病住院率之间关系的研究。
对穆尔西亚市17岁以下因呼吸系统疾病（国际疾病分类第九版）于2015年就诊于医院急诊科的年轻人进行了一项生态学研究。对住院风险进行了逻辑回归分析，其中包括与从穆尔西亚地区空气质量监测与控制网络获得的环境污染物（一氧化氮、臭氧、可吸入颗粒物、二氧化硫）日均水平相关的会诊情况。还考虑了其他控制变量，如性别、年龄、日均环境温度和年份季节。
共有12354名儿童（56%为男孩，44%为女孩）因呼吸系统疾病到急诊科就诊。其中，3.5%的儿童住院，平均年龄为2.54岁（95%置信区间；2.16 - 2.91岁）。呼吸系统疾病住院的比值比（OR）：一氧化氮为1.02（95%置信区间；1.01 - 1.04；P <.01），臭氧为1.01（95%置信区间；1.00 - 1.03；P <.01），男性为1.4（95%置信区间1.11 - 1.79；P <.01），冬季为2.10（95%置信区间1.40 - 3.21；P <.01）。哮喘住院情况：可吸入颗粒物为1.02（95%置信区间；1.01 - 1.04；P <.05），臭氧为1.04（95%置信区间；1.01 - 1.06；P <.01）。细支气管炎住院情况：年龄为0.69（95%置信区间；0.48 - 0.99；P <.05）；一氧化氮为1.03（95%置信区间；1.01 - 1.05；P <.01）。
城市空气污染会增加儿童因急性呼吸道疾病，尤其是哮喘和细支气管炎的住院率。实施预防措施、扩大时间序列研究以及利用开放数据开展合作研究，将有助于改善城市的公共卫生和空气质量。
