Fakhoury Marc, Salman Israa, Najjar Wassim, Merhej George, Lawand Nada
Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
Front Neurosci. 2020 Feb 12;14:101. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00101. eCollection 2020.
The roles of the hypothalamus and particularly the lateral hypothalamus (LH) in the regulation of inflammation and pain have been widely studied. The LH consists of a parasympathetic area that has connections with all the major parts of the brain. It controls the autonomic nervous system (ANS), regulates feeding behavior and wakeful cycles, and is a part of the reward system. In addition, it contains different types of neurons, most importantly the orexin neurons. These neurons, though few in number, perform critical functions such as inhibiting pain transmission and interfering with the reward system, feeding behavior and the hypothalamic pituitary axis (HPA). Recent evidence has identified a new role for orexin neurons in the modulation of pain transmission associated with several inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and ulcerative colitis. Here, we review recent findings on the various physiological functions of the LH with special emphasis on the orexin/receptor system and its role in mediating inflammatory pain.
下丘脑尤其是外侧下丘脑（LH）在炎症和疼痛调节中的作用已得到广泛研究。LH由一个与大脑所有主要部分都有联系的副交感神经区域组成。它控制自主神经系统（ANS），调节进食行为和清醒周期，并且是奖赏系统的一部分。此外，它包含不同类型的神经元，最重要的是食欲素神经元。这些神经元虽然数量很少，但执行关键功能，如抑制疼痛传递以及干扰奖赏系统、进食行为和下丘脑 - 垂体轴（HPA）。最近的证据表明，食欲素神经元在与几种炎症性疾病（包括类风湿性关节炎和溃疡性结肠炎）相关的疼痛传递调节中具有新作用。在此，我们综述了LH各种生理功能的最新研究结果，特别强调食欲素/受体系统及其在介导炎性疼痛中的作用。
