Normandie Université, Université de Caen Normandie, F-14032, Caen, France; BOREA (Biologie des Organismes et des Ecosystèmes Aquatiques), UCN, MNHN, UPMC, CNRS-7208, IRD-207, IBFA, Université de Caen Normandie, Esplanade de la Paix, CS 14032, 14032, Caen, Cedex 5, France.
School of Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK.
Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2020 May;100:1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.02.058. Epub 2020 Feb 29.
Glyphosate-based herbicides are among the most produced and widely-used herbicides. Studies have shown that commercial formulations and adjuvants may be more toxic to non-target organisms than the active ingredients alone, but the mechanisms of action of these chemicals remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro effects of glyphosate, a commercial formulation and adjuvant alone using primary culture of hemocytes from the European abalone Haliotis tuberculata, a commonly farmed shellfish. Glyphosate was found to have negligible effects on viability, phagocytic activities and lysosome stability even with very high doses (i.e. 100 mg L). By contrast, greater effects on viability were observed for the commercial formulation and adjuvant alone, with EC values of 41.42 mg L and 1.85 mg L, respectively. These results demonstrate that the toxic sublethal effects (i.e. phagocytic activity and destabilization of lysosomal membranes) of formulated glyphosate came from adjuvants and suggest they may be related to cell and organelle membrane destabilization.
草甘膦类除草剂是产量和应用最广泛的除草剂之一。研究表明，商业制剂和助剂可能比单一活性成分对非靶标生物更具毒性，但这些化学物质的作用机制仍不清楚。本研究旨在调查草甘膦、商业制剂和助剂单独作用于欧洲鲍（Haliotis tuberculata）血细胞原代培养物的体外效应，欧洲鲍是一种常见的养殖贝类。结果发现，即使使用非常高的剂量（即 100mg/L），草甘膦对细胞活力、吞噬活性和溶酶体稳定性的影响也可以忽略不计。相比之下，商业制剂和助剂单独作用对细胞活力的影响更大，EC 值分别为 41.42mg/L 和 1.85mg/L。这些结果表明，配制成型的草甘膦的亚致死毒性（即吞噬活性和溶酶体膜不稳定）来自助剂，并且可能与细胞膜和细胞器膜的不稳定有关。
