Institute of Building Materials Research (ibac), RWTH Aachen University, Schinkelstr. 3, 52062 Aachen, Germany; Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environmental, Jiang-wang-miao Street 8, 210042 Nanjing, China.
Institute of Building Materials Research (ibac), RWTH Aachen University, Schinkelstr. 3, 52062 Aachen, Germany.
Waste Manag. 2020 Mar 15;105:433-444. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.02.039. Epub 2020 Feb 29.
Different percolation tests were developed worldwide to characterize the leaching and to evaluate the environmental compatibility of granular materials. The German standard up-flow percolation test has a short testing time and can be used for both coarse and fine-grain materials. Some very fine-grain materials are difficult to percolate. According to the standard, admixture of 80% quartz sand (20% material) can be used for cohesive materials. It is assumed that equilibrium concentrations are reached and therefore the sand does not cause any interfering processes. However, the 80% sand admixture cannot be used for coarse materials due to dilution. A standardized sand admixture for both coarse and fine-grain materials is beneficial for the routine of laboratories. The sand admixture has the further advantage that it reduces the testing time. The experimental and the analysis procedures of the German standard were checked, specified, and optimized. An admixture of 50% sand is a good compromise for cohesive and coarse materials. The statistical variations of heavy metal and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from the optimized test with and without sand admixture were determined with an 8-fold intralaboratory and an interlaboratory test. Then the sand admixture was validated for 16 materials (soils, demolition wastes, ashes and other industrial wastes).
世界各地开发了不同的渗透测试方法来描述浸出过程并评估颗粒材料的环境相容性。德国标准上向渗滤测试具有较短的测试时间，可用于粗粒和细粒材料。一些非常细粒的材料很难渗透。根据标准，可以将 80%的石英砂（20%的材料）混合用于粘性材料。假设达到了平衡浓度，因此沙子不会引起任何干扰过程。然而，由于稀释作用，80%的沙子混合物不能用于粗粒材料。对于粗粒和细粒材料，标准化的沙子混合物有利于实验室的常规操作。沙子混合物还有一个进一步的优点，就是可以缩短测试时间。德国标准的实验和分析程序经过了检查、规定和优化。对于粘性和粗粒材料，50%的沙子混合物是一个很好的折衷方案。使用和不使用沙子混合物的优化测试中重金属和多环芳烃的统计变化通过 8 倍的实验室内部和实验室间测试确定。然后，对 16 种材料（土壤、拆除废物、灰烬和其他工业废物）进行了沙子混合物的验证。
