Departamento de Fisiología y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica (IFIBIO) Houssay, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.
Cereb Cortex. 2020 Jun 1;30(7):4000-4010. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa016.
Anterograde interference refers to the negative impact of prior learning on the propensity for future learning. There is currently no consensus on whether this phenomenon is transient or long lasting, with studies pointing to an effect in the time scale of hours to days. These inconsistencies might be caused by the method employed to quantify performance, which often confounds changes in learning rate and retention. Here, we aimed to unveil the time course of anterograde interference by tracking its impact on visuomotor adaptation at different intervals throughout a 24-h period. Our empirical and model-based approaches allowed us to measure the capacity for new learning separately from the influence of a previous memory. In agreement with previous reports, we found that prior learning persistently impaired the initial level of performance upon revisiting the task. However, despite this strong initial bias, learning capacity was impaired only when conflicting information was learned up to 1 h apart, recovering thereafter with passage of time. These findings suggest that when adapting to conflicting perturbations, impairments in performance are driven by two distinct mechanisms: a long-lasting bias that acts as a prior and hinders initial performance and a short-lasting anterograde interference that originates from a reduction in error sensitivity.
顺行干扰是指先前学习对未来学习倾向的负面影响。目前，对于这种现象是短暂的还是持久的，尚无定论，研究表明其影响存在于数小时到数天的时间范围内。这些不一致可能是由于用于量化表现的方法造成的，这种方法常常混淆了学习率和保留率的变化。在这里，我们旨在通过跟踪顺行干扰对视觉运动适应的影响，来揭示其时间进程，在 24 小时内的不同时间间隔进行研究。我们采用经验和基于模型的方法，能够将新学习的能力与先前记忆的影响分开来衡量。与之前的报告一致，我们发现先前的学习会持续损害重新进行任务时的初始表现水平。然而，尽管存在这种强烈的初始偏差，但只有在相隔 1 小时以上学习冲突信息时，学习能力才会受到损害，此后随着时间的推移会恢复。这些发现表明，在适应冲突性的干扰时，表现受损是由两种不同的机制驱动的：一种是持久的偏差，它作为先前的因素，阻碍了初始表现；另一种是短暂的顺行干扰，它源于误差敏感性的降低。
