Microbiology and Immunology Department, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
Acta Trop. 2020 Jun;206:105412. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105412. Epub 2020 Mar 2.
Fungal infections have been increasing in recent decades, mainly affecting immunocompromised individuals, although certain mycoses, such as paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), infect immunologically competent individuals. The major problems observed regarding fungal diseases are inadequate diagnosis, prolonged treatment time, the reduced number of drugs available for treatment, in addition to the fact that there are no vaccines for clinical use. Drug combination in order to immunomodulate the immune response is a new strategy used for the treatment of mycoses, since it is difficult to develop new antifungal drugs. The aim of this study is to present and analyze strategies recently suggested for the treatment of fungi of medical interest, in particular for PCM, such as the utilization of combinations of protein fractions or dead microorganisms, as vaccinal antigens, and cellular immunotherapy. We will also propose new therapeutic alternatives, such as lipids, vitamins, synthetic or natural products as well as the use of low intensity LASER therapy (LLLT) to modulate the immune response of the host, enhancing the efficiency of the existing treatments of mycoses of medical interest and in particular of PCM.
真菌病在最近几十年呈上升趋势，主要影响免疫功能低下者，但某些真菌感染，如副球孢子菌病（PCM），也感染免疫功能正常者。真菌感染的主要问题是诊断不足、治疗时间延长、治疗药物减少，此外，临床上还没有疫苗可用。为了免疫调节免疫反应，药物联合治疗是一种用于治疗真菌感染的新策略，因为开发新的抗真菌药物很困难。本研究旨在介绍和分析最近提出的用于治疗有医学意义的真菌的策略，特别是用于 PCM 的策略，例如利用蛋白质片段或死微生物组合作为疫苗抗原和细胞免疫治疗。我们还将提出新的治疗选择，如脂质、维生素、合成或天然产品，以及使用低强度激光治疗（LLLT）来调节宿主的免疫反应，提高现有治疗医学意义上的真菌感染的效率，特别是 PCM。
