Zavodovskaya R, Vapniarsky N, Garcia T, Verstraete F J M, Hatcher D C, Arzi B
California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, USA.
Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, USA.
J Comp Pathol. 2020 Feb;175:39-48. doi: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2019.12.006. Epub 2020 Jan 22.
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis is an uncommon clinical entity in human and veterinary medicine. However, the condition is severely debilitating and is life-limiting if not treated. This study sought to characterize the intra- and extra-articular features of naturally occurring TMJ ankylosis in cats. TMJs from client-owned cats (n = 5) that underwent bilateral TMJ gap arthroplasty were examined and compared with TMJs from healthy, age-matched feline cadavers (n = 2) by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), micro-computed tomography (μCT) and histologically. Features of bilateral intra- and extra-articular ankylosis compounded by degenerative joint lesions were identified radiographically and histologically in all affected cats. Features of TMJ 'true' ankylosis included variable intracapsular fibro-osseous bridging, degeneration of the disc and the articular surfaces, narrowing of the joint space and flattening of the condylar process of the mandible. Extra-articular features of TMJ ankylosis included periarticular bone formation and fibro-osseous bridging between the mandible, zygomatic arch and coronoid process. In addition, subchondral bone loss or sclerosis, irregular and altered joint contours and irregularly increased density of the medullary bone characterized the degenerative changes of the osseous components of the TMJ. Complex radiological and histological features of both ankylosis and pseudoankylosis were identified that clinically manifested in complete inability to open the mouth.
颞下颌关节（TMJ）强直在人类医学和兽医学中是一种不常见的临床病症。然而，这种病症会严重使人衰弱，若不治疗则会危及生命。本研究旨在描述猫自然发生的颞下颌关节强直的关节内和关节外特征。对接受双侧颞下颌关节间隙成形术的客户拥有的猫（n = 5）的颞下颌关节进行检查，并通过锥束计算机断层扫描（CBCT）、微计算机断层扫描（μCT）和组织学方法与年龄匹配的健康猫尸体（n = 2）的颞下颌关节进行比较。在所有受影响的猫中，通过影像学和组织学方法确定了双侧关节内和关节外强直并伴有退行性关节病变的特征。颞下颌关节“真性”强直的特征包括囊内纤维骨桥形成可变、椎间盘和关节面退变、关节间隙变窄以及下颌骨髁突变平。颞下颌关节强直的关节外特征包括关节周围骨形成以及下颌骨、颧弓和冠状突之间的纤维骨桥形成。此外，关节软骨下骨丢失或硬化、关节轮廓不规则和改变以及骨髓骨密度不规则增加是颞下颌关节骨成分退行性变化的特征。强直和假性强直的复杂影像学和组织学特征在临床上表现为完全无法张口。
