价格方程的问题。
The problem with the Price equation.
机构信息
Department of Economics and Business, University of Amsterdam, Postbus 15867, 1001 NJ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
出版信息
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2020 Apr 27;375(1797):20190355. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0355. Epub 2020 Mar 9.
In this paper, I will argue that the generality of the Price equation comes at a cost, and that is that the terms in it become meaningless. There are simple linear models that can be written in a Price equation-like form, and for those the terms in them have a meaningful interpretation. There are also models for which that is not the case, and in general, when no assumptions on the shape of the fitness function are made, and all possible models are allowed for, the regression coefficients in the Price equation do not allow for a meaningful interpretation. The failure to recognize that the Price equation, although general, only has a meaningful interpretation under restrictive assumptions, has done real damage to the field of social evolution, as will be illustrated by looking at an application of the Price equation to group selection. This article is part of the theme issue 'Fifty years of the Price equation'.
在本文中，我将论证普赖斯方程的普遍性是有代价的，即其中的术语变得毫无意义。有一些简单的线性模型可以用类似于普赖斯方程的形式来表示，对于这些模型，其中的术语具有有意义的解释。也有一些模型并非如此，而且通常情况下，当不对适应度函数的形状做出任何假设，并允许所有可能的模型存在时，普赖斯方程中的回归系数就无法进行有意义的解释。未能认识到普赖斯方程虽然具有普遍性，但只有在限制性假设下才有意义的解释，已经给社会进化领域造成了真正的损害，通过考察普赖斯方程在群体选择中的应用，就可以说明这一点。本文是“普赖斯方程五十周年”主题特刊的一部分。
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