Grupo de Radiologia Musculo-esquelética, Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Hospital Sírio Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil.
Skeletal Radiol. 2020 Jul;49(7):1037-1049. doi: 10.1007/s00256-020-03402-2. Epub 2020 Mar 9.
The anterolateral ligament (ALL) and capsule of the knee are anatomical structures involved in rotational stability and pivot-shift control. As such, it has been demonstrated that the extra-articular anterolateral procedures improve clinical outcome when performed as an augmentation of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction in specific groups of patients. This review describes the postoperative imaging findings of two techniques used to perform these procedures, using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and radiography. The first technique described is the lateral extra-articular tenodesis (LET), which uses a strip of the iliotibial band that is harvested, passed underneath the lateral collateral ligament (LCL) and fixed posterior, and proximal to the lateral femoral epicondyle (LFE), preserving ITB insertion on Gerdy's tubercle. The second technique described is the ALL reconstruction, a procedure that attempts to recreate the anatomy of the ALL, using most often a gracilis autograft. In this procedure, femoral fixation is performed proximal and posterior to the LFE, and tibial fixation is slightly distal to the joint line, halfway from Gerdy's tubercle to the fibular head. The main objective of this review is to provide an overview of the postoperative imaging aspects of these two procedures with MRI, CT, and radiography and to describe possible complications. As they become more common, it is important for the radiologist and the orthopedic surgeon to understand their particularities in combination with the already well-known ACL reconstruction.
膝关节的前外侧韧带 (ALL) 和关节囊是涉及旋转稳定性和枢轴转移控制的解剖结构。因此,已经证明,在特定患者群体中,作为前交叉韧带 (ACL) 重建的增强,进行关节外前外侧手术可以改善临床结果。本综述描述了两种用于执行这些手术的技术的术后影像学发现,使用磁共振成像 (MRI)、计算机断层扫描 (CT) 和 X 射线摄影。描述的第一种技术是外侧关节外肌腱固定术 (LET),它使用从阔筋膜张肌中取出的一条带,穿过外侧副韧带 (LCL) 下方,并固定在外侧股骨髁 (LFE) 后方和近端,保留 ITB 在 Gerdy 结节上的附着点。描述的第二种技术是 ALL 重建术,该手术试图使用最常见的股薄肌自体移植物重建 ALL 的解剖结构。在该手术中,股骨固定在 LFE 的近端和后方,胫骨固定在关节线稍下方,Gerdy 结节到腓骨头的中间。本综述的主要目的是提供这两种手术的术后影像学表现(包括 MRI、CT 和 X 射线摄影)的概述,并描述可能的并发症。随着这些手术变得越来越常见,放射科医生和骨科医生了解它们与已经熟知的 ACL 重建术的特殊性非常重要。