Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Child Obes. 2020 Jun;16(4):265-273. doi: 10.1089/chi.2019.0186. Epub 2020 Mar 6.
Associations between household chaos and childhood overweight have been identified, but the mechanisms of association are not clearly established in young children, with some studies linking higher chaos to increased obesity risk, whereas other studies link higher chaos to lower obesity risk. Given the lack of consistent findings and early sex differences in vulnerability to chaos, we examined child sex as a moderator of the chaos-child overweight association. We also tested these associations with self-regulation, as self-regulation has been implicated in understanding the chaos-obesity risk association in low-income toddlers. Parent-reported household chaos and observed child self-regulation were collected at baseline [ = 132; age 23.0 months (standard deviation 2.8)]. Children's body mass index z-score (BMIz) was measured at 33 months. Multivariate linear regression models were used to assess whether child sex moderated the chaos-BMIz association. A three-way interaction between chaos, child sex, and self-regulation was also tested. Child sex moderated the chaos-BMIz association ( = -0.11, = 0.04) such that chaos was positively associated with BMIz among boys ( = 0.12, = 0.003), but unrelated in girls ( = 0.01, = 0.78). A three-way interaction with self-regulation indicated that a positive chaos-BMIz association existed only for boys with average ( = 0.12, = 0.004) and low ( = 0.22, < 0.001) self-regulation. Boys with poor self-regulation may be particularly vulnerable to obesogenic effects of chaotic households.
家庭混乱与儿童超重之间存在关联，但在幼儿中，关联的机制尚不清楚，一些研究表明较高的混乱程度与肥胖风险增加有关，而其他研究则表明较高的混乱程度与肥胖风险降低有关。鉴于缺乏一致的发现和幼儿对混乱易感性的早期性别差异，我们研究了儿童性别作为混乱与儿童超重关联的调节因素。我们还测试了这些关联与自我调节之间的关系，因为自我调节在理解低收入幼儿中混乱与肥胖风险的关联中具有重要作用。在基线时收集了父母报告的家庭混乱和观察到的儿童自我调节数据（ = 132；年龄为 23.0 个月（标准差为 2.8））。在 33 个月时测量了儿童的体重指数 z 分数（BMIz）。使用多元线性回归模型来评估儿童性别是否调节了混乱-BMIz 关联。还测试了混乱、儿童性别和自我调节之间的三向相互作用。儿童性别调节了混乱-BMIz 关联（ = -0.11， = 0.04），即混乱与男孩的 BMIz 呈正相关（ = 0.12， = 0.003），但在女孩中无关（ = 0.01， = 0.78）。与自我调节的三向相互作用表明，仅在自我调节平均（ = 0.12， = 0.004）和低（ = 0.22， < 0.001）的男孩中存在正的混乱-BMIz 关联。自我调节较差的男孩可能特别容易受到混乱家庭致肥胖的影响。
