Guidi Riccardo, Wedeles Christopher J, Wilson Mark S
Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
Noncoding RNA. 2020 Mar 6;6(1):10. doi: 10.3390/ncrna6010010.
Immunological diseases, including asthma, autoimmunity and immunodeficiencies, affect a growing percentage of the population with significant unmet medical needs. As we slowly untangle and better appreciate these complex genetic and environment-influenced diseases, new therapeutically targetable pathways are emerging. Non-coding RNA species, which regulate epigenetic, transcriptional and translational responses are critical regulators of immune cell development, differentiation and effector function, and may represent one such new class of therapeutic targets. In this review we focus on type-2 immune responses, orchestrated by T2 cell-derived cytokines, IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13, which stimulate a variety of immune and tissue responses- commonly referred to as type-2 immunity. Evolved to protect us from parasitic helminths, type-2 immune responses are observed in individuals with allergic diseases, including Asthma, atopic dermatitis and food allergy. A growing number of studies have identified the involvement of various RNA species, including microRNAs (miRNA) and long non-coding (lncRNA), in type-2 immune responses and in both clinical and pre-clinical disease settings. We highlight these recent findings, identify gaps in our understanding and provide a perspective on how our current understanding can be harnessed for novel treat opportunities to treat type-2 immune-mediated diseases.
免疫性疾病，包括哮喘、自身免疫性疾病和免疫缺陷，影响着越来越多的人群，这些疾病存在着大量未被满足的医疗需求。随着我们逐渐解开并更好地理解这些受复杂遗传和环境影响的疾病，新的可用于治疗的途径正在出现。非编码RNA种类可调节表观遗传、转录和翻译反应，是免疫细胞发育、分化和效应功能的关键调节因子，可能代表了一类新的治疗靶点。在本综述中，我们聚焦于由T2细胞衍生的细胞因子IL-4、IL-5和IL-13所协调的2型免疫反应，这些细胞因子可刺激多种免疫和组织反应，通常被称为2型免疫。2型免疫反应进化而来是为了保护我们免受寄生性蠕虫的侵害，在患有过敏性疾病（包括哮喘、特应性皮炎和食物过敏）的个体中也观察到了这种反应。越来越多的研究已经确定了包括微小RNA（miRNA）和长链非编码RNA（lncRNA）在内的各种RNA种类参与了2型免疫反应以及临床和临床前疾病状态。我们强调这些最新发现，找出我们理解中的差距，并就如何利用我们目前的理解为治疗2型免疫介导疾病的新治疗机会提供一个观点。
